Mechanisms Tackling Salivary Gland Diseases with Extracellular Vesicle Therapies.

P Sawutdeechaikul, S Hwang, J Klangprapan, T V Phan, C Buu Lam, Y-J Yoon, S Seo, S Hong, J-Y Lim, J N Ferreira
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Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-enclosed particles released from cells, containing lipids, DNA, RNA, metabolites, and cytosolic and cell surface proteins. EVs support intercellular communication and orchestrate organogenesis by transferring bioactive molecules in between cells. Mesenchymal stem cells are known to produce EVs, which exhibit immunomodulatory and regenerative capabilities in many target organs, including the salivary glands (SGs). Since cell-based therapies still pose challenges (e.g., donor variability, limited hemocompatibility, and safety), specific EVs may constitute a therapeutic alternative for SG diseases. New EV guidelines (MISEV2023) have recently been updated and reported by our consortium to consolidate the principles of EV biology and expand the boundaries toward innovative therapies. These guidelines provide valuable guidance for researchers to consistently assess the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell-derived EV cargo cues, such as microRNA, proteins, and other molecules, to target SG diseases. This review provides a narrative synthesis of preclinical studies on EVs by highlighting EV mechanisms and their potential therapeutic applications for SG diseases, such as radiotherapy-induced SG hypofunction and Sjögren's syndrome, as well as inflammatory and aging-related SG conditions. Additionally, we highlight key areas of the MISEV2023 guidelines that will support future EV-based therapies in SG research. This review adhered to PRESS guidelines (Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies) and utilized established databases, including Medline/PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, alongside machine learning tools for sorting the most impactful EV studies for SG diseases.

细胞外囊泡治疗唾液腺疾病的机制。
细胞外囊泡(EVs)是从细胞释放的脂质封闭颗粒,含有脂质、DNA、RNA、代谢物、细胞质和细胞表面蛋白。电动汽车支持细胞间通讯,并通过在细胞间转移生物活性分子来协调器官发生。间充质干细胞可以产生EVs, EVs在包括唾液腺(SGs)在内的许多靶器官中表现出免疫调节和再生能力。由于基于细胞的治疗仍然存在挑战(例如,供体差异,有限的血液相容性和安全性),特异性ev可能成为SG疾病的治疗替代方案。新的EV指南(MISEV2023)最近由我们的联盟更新和报告,以巩固EV生物学原理并扩大创新疗法的界限。这些指南为研究人员持续评估间充质干细胞衍生的EV货物线索(如microRNA、蛋白质和其他分子)靶向SG疾病的有效性提供了有价值的指导。本文综述了EV的临床前研究,重点介绍了EV的机制及其在SG疾病的潜在治疗应用,如放疗诱导的SG功能减退和Sjögren综合征,以及炎症和衰老相关的SG疾病。此外,我们强调了MISEV2023指南的关键领域,这些领域将支持未来SG研究中基于ev的疗法。本综述遵循PRESS指南(电子检索策略同行评审),并利用已建立的数据库,包括Medline/PubMed、Embase、Web of Science和Scopus,以及机器学习工具,对SG疾病最有影响力的EV研究进行分类。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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