Prostate Cancer: genetics in practice now and in the future.

IF 2 4区医学 Q3 ONCOLOGY

Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI:10.1186/s13053-025-00310-1

Jana McHugh, Elizabeth Bancroft, Zsofia Kote-Jarai, Rosalind Eeles

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Abstract

Prostate Cancer (PrCa) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and causes a significant healthcare burden. Recent predictions estimate the incidence of new cases of PrCa will double from 1.4 million in 2020 to 2.9 million by 2040.The known risk factors for PrCa are increasing age, family history, ancestry and genetics. PrCa is one of the most heritable of the more common cancers. The heritability of PrCa is due to both rare moderate to high-risk monogenic variants and more common variants known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which can be used to calculate a polygenic risk score (PRS) for PrCa, while there is some of the genetic risk as yet unexplained. In recent years more PrCa risk-associated SNPs have been identified, increasing over time with the inclusion of more persons of diverse ancestry in studies. The identification of germline variants known to be associated with increased PrCa risk and disease aggressiveness has led to targeted treatments for certain pathogenic variant carriers.This is a mini review of how the genetics of PrCa can impact on screening and early detection of the disease and the treatment and management of the disease when diagnosed.

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前列腺癌：遗传学在实践中的现在和未来。

前列腺癌（PrCa）是世界上最常见的癌症之一，造成了重大的医疗负担。最近的预测估计，PrCa新病例的发病率将从2020年的140万增加到2040年的290万。已知的PrCa的危险因素有年龄增长、家族史、祖先和遗传。PrCa是更常见的癌症中最具遗传性的一种。PrCa的遗传性是由于罕见的中度至高风险单基因变异和更常见的被称为单核苷酸多态性（snp）的变异，这些变异可用于计算PrCa的多基因风险评分（PRS），而有些遗传风险尚未解释。近年来，越来越多的PrCa风险相关snp被发现，随着时间的推移，越来越多的不同祖先的人被纳入研究。已知与PrCa风险增加和疾病侵袭性相关的种系变异的鉴定导致了对某些致病变异携带者的靶向治疗。这是一个关于PrCa基因如何影响疾病的筛查和早期发现以及疾病诊断后的治疗和管理的小综述。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice 医学-肿瘤学

CiteScore

3.10

自引率

5.90%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice is an open access journal that publishes articles of interest for the cancer genetics community and serves as a discussion forum for the development appropriate healthcare strategies. Cancer genetics encompasses a wide variety of disciplines and knowledge in the field is rapidly growing, especially as the amount of information linking genetic differences to inherited cancer predispositions continues expanding. With the increased knowledge of genetic variability and how this relates to cancer risk there is a growing demand not only to disseminate this information into clinical practice but also to enable competent debate concerning how such information is managed and what it implies for patient care. Topics covered by the journal include but are not limited to: Original research articles on any aspect of inherited predispositions to cancer. Reviews of inherited cancer predispositions. Application of molecular and cytogenetic analysis to clinical decision making. Clinical aspects of the management of hereditary cancers. Genetic counselling issues associated with cancer genetics. The role of registries in improving health care of patients with an inherited predisposition to cancer.