The invisible architects: microbial communities and their transformative role in soil health and global climate changes.

Abstract

During the last decades, substantial advancements have been made in identifying soil characteristics that impact the composition of the soil microbiome. However, the impacts of microorganisms on their respective soil habitats have received less attention, with the majority of prior research focusing on the contributions of microbes to the dynamics of soil carbon and nitrogen. Soil microbiome plays a critical role in soil habitats by influencing soil fertility, crop yields, and biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. In addition to their roles in nutrient cycling and organic matter transformations, soil microorganisms affect the soil environment via many biochemical and biophysical mechanisms. For instance, the soil microbiome plays an essential role in soil mechanical stability and pore connectivity and regulates the flow of nutrients, oxygen, and water. Similarly, soil microbiomes perform various critical functions in an ecosystem, which leads to carbon stabilization for a long time and could serve as microbiome engineering targets for global climate change mitigation. In this review, considering soil structure, hydrology, and chemistry, we outline how microorganisms alter the soil ecosystem. Further, this study investigates the mechanisms by which feedback loops can be generated between microorganisms and soil. Moreover, we analyze the potential of microbially mediated modifications of soil properties as a viable strategy to address soil threats and global climate challenges. In addition, the current study propose a deep learning-based approach to develop a synthetic microbial consortium to improve soil health and mitigate climate change.