Plastic contamination in fish digestive tracts in Amazonian rivers during a period of extreme low water.

IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 FISHERIES
Arvo Tuvikene, Helen Agasild, Adalberto Luis Val, Marina Haldna, Priit Zingel
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Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) are frequently detected in the gastrointestinal tracts of aquatic organisms worldwide. We studied the contamination with plastic in an aquatic environment and in the gastrointestinal tracts of fish in two Amazonian rivers waters, Rio Negro and Rio Solimões. The research was conducted in November/December 2023 during the low water season in a year of drastically decreased water level. We evaluated the abundance, shape, type, size as well as polymer type of the MPs and compared the contamination between fish species and feeding types. The amounts of MPs in the water were 0.25 ± 0.05 and 0.78 ± 0.19 pcs/L in the Prato canal and Vila do Janauacá, respectively. In total, 128 fish individuals belonging to different feeding types (piscivorous, planktivorous, herbivorous, invertivorous, detritivorous, omnivorous) were analysed in this study, with 84.0% and 87.4% of fish containing MPs caught from the Prato canal and Vila do Janauacá, respectively. We found no statistical relationship between the length/weight of the fish and the amount of MPs or the sizes of the plastic parts. MPs with dimensions of 0.04-5.0 mm were found in the digestive tracts of fish. There was an average of 3.3 ± 2.9 and 2.8 ± 2.1 plastic particles per fish in the study sites of the Prato canal and Vila do Janauacá, respectively. There was a statistical difference in the size of the MPs between the river sites that was correspondingly reflected in fish. In the digestive tracts of Solimões fish, plastics were on average larger than in the Rio Negro study site. At the Vila do Janauacá study site, predatory fish had the most MPs in their digestive system, while in the Prato canal, plankton-eating fish had the most MPs. Regarding the shape of MPs ingested by fishes, most were filaments, followed by fragments. The majority of the fibres were determined to be polyamide (nylon), polyethylene terephthalate and polypropylene. Our results indicate that even the remote aquatic environments may be impacted with intensive MP infestation. At the same time, with higher rainfall and higher water levels, a higher concentration of MPs is expected and this, in turn, can lead to greater contamination of fish with MPs. It has been observed that when water has a higher plastic content, more MPs end up in fish, especially in visual foragers.

在极低水位期间,亚马逊河流中鱼类消化道的塑料污染。
微塑料(MPs)在世界各地的水生生物的胃肠道中经常被检测到。我们研究了水中环境中的塑料污染,以及亚马逊河流域两条河流中鱼类胃肠道中的塑料污染,里约热内卢Negro和里约热内卢Solimões。该研究是在2023年11月/ 12月进行的,当时是水位急剧下降的一年的低潮期。我们评估了MPs的丰度、形状、类型、大小和聚合物类型,并比较了不同鱼种和饵料类型对MPs的污染程度。在普拉托运河和janauac村,MPs在水中的含量分别为0.25±0.05和0.78±0.19 pcs/L。本研究共分析了不同摄食类型(鱼食性、浮游、草食性、无食性、营养性和杂食性)的鱼类128条,其中在普拉托运河和janauac村捕获的含有MPs的鱼类分别占84.0%和87.4%。我们没有发现鱼的长度/重量与MPs的数量或塑料部件的大小之间的统计关系。在鱼类消化道中发现了尺寸为0.04-5.0 mm的MPs。在普拉托运河和janauac研究地点,平均每条鱼分别含有3.3±2.9和2.8±2.1个塑料颗粒。在不同的河流地点之间,MPs的大小有统计学上的差异,这相应地反映在鱼类身上。在Solimões鱼的消化道中,塑料平均比里约热内卢Negro研究地点的要大。在Vila do janauacac研究地点,食肉鱼类的消化系统中有最多的MPs,而在普拉托运河,以浮游生物为食的鱼类有最多的MPs。鱼类摄取的MPs形状以细丝居多,其次是碎片。大多数纤维被确定为聚酰胺(尼龙),聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚丙烯。我们的研究结果表明,即使是偏远的水生环境也可能受到MP密集侵袭的影响。与此同时,随着降雨量和水位的增加,MPs的浓度预计会更高,这反过来又会导致MPs对鱼类的更大污染。据观察,当水中的塑料含量较高时,更多的MPs最终会进入鱼类体内,尤其是在视觉觅食者体内。
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来源期刊
Journal of fish biology
Journal of fish biology 生物-海洋与淡水生物学
CiteScore
4.00
自引率
10.00%
发文量
292
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Fish Biology is a leading international journal for scientists engaged in all aspects of fishes and fisheries research, both fresh water and marine. The journal publishes high-quality papers relevant to the central theme of fish biology and aims to bring together under one cover an overall picture of the research in progress and to provide international communication among researchers in many disciplines with a common interest in the biology of fish.
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