A Network Pharmacology-Based Strategy for Predicting Anti-Inflammatory Targets of Zao Ren An Shen Capsule in the Treatment of Asthma

Abstract

Backgrounds: The Zao Ren An Shen (ZRAS) Capsule, stemming from a traditional Chinese herbal formula, is recognized as a safe and effective sleep-regulating medication. Asthma often worsens during the night and early morning due to its distinct day–night rhythm, suggesting the potential for the ZRAS Capsule to intervene in asthma attacks and prognosis. Since inflammation is a primary mechanism in asthma, exploring the anti-inflammatory effects of the ZRAS Capsule is essential.

Methods: This study identifies the intersection of ZRAS Capsule-related targets and anti-inflammatory targets to uncover potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Core compounds and relevant genes were identified using protein–protein and compound–protein interaction networks. KEGG pathway and Gene Ontology analyses were performed on the anti-inflammatory targets to validate their role in mitigating asthma inflammation. Binding activities between the compounds and anti-inflammatory targets were assessed using western blot, qRT-PCR, molecular docking, and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results: Key compounds, including luteolin, (S)-Coclaurine, and zizyphusine, along with targets IL6, TNF, and MMP9, were identified. Their biological processes were linked to the IL-17 signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. Notably, the identified compounds inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of IL6, TNF, and MMP9.

Conclusion: Regulation of the IL-17/TNF signaling pathway is likely crucial for the protective effects of the ZRAS Capsule in asthma treatment.