Angel Paternina-Caicedo, Oscar Espinosa, Sangini S Sheth, Nathaniel Hupert, Soroush Saghafian
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Background: Black Americans have lower wealth, income, and education and higher mortality rates than White Americans, especially during childhood.
Objective: To document the extent and persistence of excess infant and childhood mortality in Black Americans between 1950 and 2019.
Design: Population-based surveillance study.
Setting: The United States of America.
Patients: The entire population of the United States.
Measurements: The investigators analyzed mortality data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the U.S. Census Bureau from 1950 to 2019 and calculated mortality rates, life expectancy, and years of potential life lost for White and Black Americans to estimate the absolute and relative sex- and age-specific excess mortality burden among Black Americans compared with White Americans.
Results: The gaps in absolute life expectancy and age-standardized mortality between Black and White Americans decreased over the 70-year period beginning in 1950, but relative mortality in infants and children increased during this same period. The mortality rates in the 1950s for White and Black infants were 2703 and 5181 deaths per 100 000 persons, respectively, for an excess mortality ratio of 1.92 (95% CI, 1.91 to 1.93). In the 2010s, the mortality rates were 499 deaths per 100 000 persons in White infants and 1073 deaths per 100 000 persons in Black infants, for an excess mortality ratio of 2.15 (CI, 2.13 to 2.17). A total of 5.0 million excess deaths of Black Americans (including 522 617 infants) could have been avoided during these 7 decades if their mortality rates were equal to those of White Americans.
Limitation: The effect of health inequities was measured without inquiring about the causes of these differences.
Conclusion: Black infants, children, and adults have experienced persistent excess mortality in the United States since the 1950s relative to the White population.
期刊介绍：
Established in 1927 by the American College of Physicians (ACP), Annals of Internal Medicine is the premier internal medicine journal. Annals of Internal Medicine’s mission is to promote excellence in medicine, enable physicians and other health care professionals to be well informed members of the medical community and society, advance standards in the conduct and reporting of medical research, and contribute to improving the health of people worldwide. To achieve this mission, the journal publishes a wide variety of original research, review articles, practice guidelines, and commentary relevant to clinical practice, health care delivery, public health, health care policy, medical education, ethics, and research methodology. In addition, the journal publishes personal narratives that convey the feeling and the art of medicine.
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