Tratamiento farmacológico del síndrome de intestino irritable en México. Posicionamiento de la Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología 2024

Abstract

Introduction

The aim of this position statement is to provide health professionals with an updated and evidence-based guideline for the pharmacologic management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in Mexico.

Material and methods

A literature review was conducted that included relevant guidelines and studies, up to the date of its publication. The mechanism of action, specific indications in IBS, safety profile, and availability of each therapeutic class were evaluated. The recommendations were developed by 14 experts, considering the clinical reality of IBS patients in Mexico.

Results

Specific recommendations were issued for each class. Antispasmodics (alone or combined) are used as first-line therapy for pain management, whereas antidiarrheals, such as loperamide, are used for reducing diarrhea in diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) and laxatives are used for constipation in constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C). 5-HT₄ agonists (prucalopride and mosapride) are recommended in IBS-C and 5-HT₃ antagonists (ondansetron) are recommended in IBS-D. Linaclotide is the only secretagogue available in Mexico and is used in IBS-C. Rifaximin-alpha stands out for its efficacy in a subgroup of patients with IBS-D or mixed IBS. Probiotics are conditionally recommended as adjuvant therapy due to heterogeneous evidence. Neuromodulators (tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, etc.) are recommended as second-line treatment for pain management. Mesalazine can be used in IBS-D, but the corresponding evidence is weak.

Conclusion

Overall, these recommendations provide a solid framework for personalizing treatment, based on the clinical characteristics of the Mexican patient with IBS.