Role of anti-Müllerian hormone in different reproductive aspects of female mammals: women, cow and mare.

Abstract

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a dimeric glycoprotein belonging to the superfamily of the transforming growth factor-β. Due to the discovery of AMH functions, relative to the ovarian function, it is being postulated as being a highly important marker in studies on mammalian reproduction. Therefore, the objective of this review was to describe the role of this hormone in different reproductive aspects of female mammals, taking women, cows, and mares as reference species. The relationship between ovarian reserve and AMH was analysed, and it has been verified that there is a relationship between the latter, the antral follicle count, and the number of primary follicles. AMH concentration has been associated with parameters like the age of the individual, fertility, superovulation treatments and embryo production, and to the reproductive hormone concentration. Also, an association between AMH and female reproduction system diseases, and the fact that AMH is a heritable feature in the cow have also been proven. Recent studies have analysed the role of AMH receptor type 2 since it appears that, together with gonadotropin-releasing hormone, it controls the secretion of gonadotropins. Despite the considerable amount of bibliography on AMH, more studies are needed to complete the information that we have on it, in order to reveal the unknown elements in its action mechanisms.