Effects of repeated administration for 28 Days of fixed oil from Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc. On toxicological patterns in mice

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Syagrus coronata (Mart.) Becc. is a plant traditionally used in medicine for its anti-inflammatory, anti-venom, antifungal, wound-healing, and pain-relieving properties, which served as the basis for this study.

Aim of the study

This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of repeated doses of S. coronata fixed oil (ScFO) over a 28-day period.

Materials and methods

Following OECD 407/2008 guidelines, the repeated-dose toxicity study assessed the effects of ScFO on motor function, exploratory behavior, hematological and biochemical parameters, histopathology, and oxidative stress.

Results

Behavioral tests indicated increased grooming and reduced exploration, suggesting potential anxiolytic and sedative effects. In the rotarod test, sex-dependent differences in motor coordination were noted, particularly in females. Hematological analysis showed leukocytosis at the 1000 mg/kg dose, indicative of an immune response to stress. Elevated hepatic and renal markers at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses suggested possible organ damage, alongside a decrease in total cholesterol levels. No macroscopic changes in organ appearance were observed, and liver weights remained consistent across groups. Histopathological examination showed no significant tissue alterations. ScFO treatment reduced oxidative stress markers and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity.

Conclusions

Although macroscopic and histopathological findings support the safety of ScFO, the adverse biochemical effects observed warrant caution with prolonged use. These results highlight the importance of comprehensive toxicity evaluations to fully understand the safety and therapeutic potential of novel compounds.