Enhancing Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Electrical Double Layers: From Simplified to Realistic Models

Abstract

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have become a powerful tool for studying double-layer systems, offering atomistic insights into their equilibrium properties and dynamic behaviors. These simulations have significantly advanced the understanding of key electrochemical mechanisms and the design of electrochemical devices. However, challenges remain in aligning simulations with the complexities of realistic applications. In this perspectiv, we highlight critical areas for enhancing the realism of MD simulations, including refining methods for representing electrode polarization, improving electrode and electrolyte models to incorporate structural and compositional complexities, and simulating charging and discharging processes under realistic conditions while considering associated thermal behaviors. We also stress the importance of scaling simulation results to experimental dimensions through multiscale modeling and dimensionless analysis. Overcoming these challenges will allow MD simulations to advance our understanding of electrical double-layer behaviors and drive innovations in the development of future electrochemical technologies.