New Mutualisms at New Ecosystems: Seed Dispersal Assessment of Invasive Shrubs by Native and Non-Native Mammals

IF 1.6 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ECOLOGY
Austral Ecology Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI:10.1111/aec.70051
Antonella De Luca, Verónica A. Quiroga, David L. Vergara-Tabares
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Biological invasions are a significant driver of global biodiversity decline in the Anthropocene. The success of plant invasions often depends on mutualistic relationships, such as animal-mediated seed dispersal. While the role of birds in dispersing invasive plants is well documented, the involvement of mammals in new ecosystems remains largely unclear. In the mountains of Central Argentina, Pyracantha species are among the most prominent invasive plants, and their seed dispersal by birds has been extensively studied. In this study, we assessed the role of mammals within a novel assemblage (comprising native, invasive, and domestic species) in the seed dispersal process of invasive Pyracantha angustifolia and P. crenulata shrubs. Specifically, we identified which mammal species are legitimate seed dispersers, evaluated their impact on seed germination, and determined where they deposit the seeds using a combination of observational and experimental approaches. Through camera traps and faecal analyses, we identified the following mammals consuming Pyracantha fruits: (1) domestic species: cattle and horses; (2) native species: grey fox, common hog-nosed skunk, and collared peccary; and (3) invasive species: European hare, wild boar, and invasive deer (red or spotted deer). We included two additional native mammals (i.e., collared peccaries and brown brocket deers) to perform germination trials due to their presumably frugivorous behaviour. The germination experiment revealed that seed ingestion by captive horses, grey foxes, collared peccaries, brown brocket deer, red deer and exotic deer enhanced seed germination. Principal Component Analysis indicated no specific association between mammal species and seed deposition sites, suggesting non-directed dispersal. This research highlights the emergence of new mutualisms in anthropogenic systems that may influence plant community structure through the promotion of plant invasions. Understanding these novel mutualisms is crucial for predicting community rearrangements and improving management actions against plant invasions.

新生态系统中的新互助关系:本土和非本土哺乳动物对入侵灌木的种子传播评估
生物入侵是人类世全球生物多样性下降的重要驱动因素。植物入侵的成功往往依赖于互惠关系,例如动物介导的种子传播。虽然鸟类在分散入侵植物方面的作用已被充分记录,但哺乳动物在新生态系统中的作用仍不清楚。在阿根廷中部山区,火棘属是最重要的入侵植物之一,其种子通过鸟类传播已被广泛研究。在这项研究中,我们评估了一个新的组合(包括本地物种、入侵物种和驯养物种)中哺乳动物在入侵火棘(Pyracantha angustifolia)和火棘(P. crenulata)灌木种子传播过程中的作用。具体来说,我们确定了哪些哺乳动物是合法的种子传播者,评估了它们对种子萌发的影响,并确定了它们将种子存放在哪里,采用了观察和实验相结合的方法。通过相机陷阱和粪便分析,我们确定了食用火棘果的哺乳动物:(1)家畜:牛和马;(2)本地种:灰狐、普通猪鼻臭鼬、有领猫;(3)入侵物种:欧洲野兔、野猪和入侵鹿(赤鹿或斑鹿)。我们加入了另外两种本地哺乳动物(即颈圈斑鹿和褐花鹿)来进行发芽试验,因为它们可能是食果性的。种子萌发实验表明,圈养马、灰狐、有项圈的野猪、褐花鹿、马鹿和外来鹿对种子的摄食促进了种子的萌发。主成分分析表明,哺乳动物种类与种子沉积地点之间没有特定的关联,表明种子的传播是非定向的。本研究强调了人类活动系统中新的共生关系的出现,这种共生关系可能通过促进植物入侵来影响植物群落结构。了解这些新的相互关系对于预测群落重排和改善针对植物入侵的管理措施至关重要。
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来源期刊
Austral Ecology
Austral Ecology 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
6.70%
发文量
117
审稿时长
12-24 weeks
期刊介绍: Austral Ecology is the premier journal for basic and applied ecology in the Southern Hemisphere. As the official Journal of The Ecological Society of Australia (ESA), Austral Ecology addresses the commonality between ecosystems in Australia and many parts of southern Africa, South America, New Zealand and Oceania. For example many species in the unique biotas of these regions share common Gondwana ancestors. ESA''s aim is to publish innovative research to encourage the sharing of information and experiences that enrich the understanding of the ecology of the Southern Hemisphere. Austral Ecology involves an editorial board with representatives from Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, Brazil and Argentina. These representatives provide expert opinions, access to qualified reviewers and act as a focus for attracting a wide range of contributions from countries across the region. Austral Ecology publishes original papers describing experimental, observational or theoretical studies on terrestrial, marine or freshwater systems, which are considered without taxonomic bias. Special thematic issues are published regularly, including symposia on the ecology of estuaries and soft sediment habitats, freshwater systems and coral reef fish.
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