New insights into the analysis of faradiol esters and related compounds in Calendula

IF 3.1 3区医学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, ANALYTICAL

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI:10.1016/j.jpba.2025.116792

Benno F. Zimmermann, Esther Häberle

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Abstract

In this study, the analysis of pentacyclic triterpenediol esters (e.g., faradiol esters) in Calendula officinalis (marigold) flowers by RP-HPLC-UV and RP-UHPLC-UV-MS² is discussed. The removal of carotenoids before HPLC-UV analysis has always been considered essential. However, this study demonstrates that this is unnecessary as the carotenoids do not interfere with the primary faradiol esters and the related compounds in the HPLC-UV chromatogram. Previously identified esters include the laurates, myristates and palmitates of faradiol and of three of its isomers (e.g., arnidiol, maniladiol and calenduladiol). This study tentatively identifies novel butyrates, caproates, caprylates, caprates, stearates, palmitoleates and oleates of faradiol and its isomers. These tentative identifications were performed using UHPLC coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS) through in-source fragments, product ion spectra (MS²) and parent ion spectra. Moreover, the product ion spectra of the faradiol isomers were compared. While similarities exist, some isomers were distinguishable.

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来源期刊

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 医学-分析化学

CiteScore

6.70

自引率

5.90%

发文量

588

审稿时长

37 days

期刊介绍： This journal is an international medium directed towards the needs of academic, clinical, government and industrial analysis by publishing original research reports and critical reviews on pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis. It covers the interdisciplinary aspects of analysis in the pharmaceutical, biomedical and clinical sciences, including developments in analytical methodology, instrumentation, computation and interpretation. Submissions on novel applications focusing on drug purity and stability studies, pharmacokinetics, therapeutic monitoring, metabolic profiling; drug-related aspects of analytical biochemistry and forensic toxicology; quality assurance in the pharmaceutical industry are also welcome. Studies from areas of well established and poorly selective methods, such as UV-VIS spectrophotometry (including derivative and multi-wavelength measurements), basic electroanalytical (potentiometric, polarographic and voltammetric) methods, fluorimetry, flow-injection analysis, etc. are accepted for publication in exceptional cases only, if a unique and substantial advantage over presently known systems is demonstrated. The same applies to the assay of simple drug formulations by any kind of methods and the determination of drugs in biological samples based merely on spiked samples. Drug purity/stability studies should contain information on the structure elucidation of the impurities/degradants.