Carboxyl-functionalized bis(carbamoylcarboxylic) acid ligands as a novel alternative for hazardous metal ions removal by coagulation-flocculation

IF 4 2区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Journal of Molecular Structure Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI:10.1016/j.molstruc.2025.142107

Jorge Guzmán-Rasillo , Adrián Ochoa-Terán , Eduardo A. López-Maldonado , Sergio Pérez-Sicairos , Balter Trujillo-Navarrete , Luis Miguel López-Martínez , José García-Elías , Paul A. Sandoval-Hernandez , Marisela Martínez Quiroz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In this work, a new series of carboxyl-functionalized bis(carbamoylcarboxylic) acid ligands (bCCAs) was synthesized to evaluate their performance as coagulant-flocculant agents. The interaction of these ligands with metal ions was evaluated in solution by UV-Vis spectroscopy in organic media finding 1:2 and 1:1 (metal:ligand) complexes. Zeta potential (pZ) analysis demonstrate the negative charge of these ligands at low pH, as well as the charge neutrality adding metal ions reaching the isoelectric point (IEP) due to the complexation in aqueous media. The Log K_a values (2.517 to 3.887) indicate a strong metal-ligand interaction in water. These new bCCAs demonstrate outstanding performance in the simultaneous removal of metal ions such as Ca²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Zn²⁺, acting as both coagulant and flocculants in a coagulation-flocculation process, and showing excellent removal capacities (308 to 533 mg Mⁿ⁺/g of L or 1.94 to 3.68 mol Mⁿ⁺/mol of L), clarification kinetics (48.6 to 136.8 T%/h) and sedimentation ratios (96 to 156 mm/h). Comparing with the bCCAs type ligands previously studied, these carboxyl-functionalized analogues perform the fastest coagulation-flocculation process. These results indicate a high potential for effectively removing metal ions from industrial wastewater.

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来源期刊

Journal of Molecular Structure 化学-物理化学

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

15.80%

发文量

2384

审稿时长

45 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Molecular Structure is dedicated to the publication of full-length articles and review papers, providing important new structural information on all types of chemical species including: • Stable and unstable molecules in all types of environments (vapour, molecular beam, liquid, solution, liquid crystal, solid state, matrix-isolated, surface-absorbed etc.) • Chemical intermediates • Molecules in excited states • Biological molecules • Polymers. The methods used may include any combination of spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic techniques, for example: • Infrared spectroscopy (mid, far, near) • Raman spectroscopy and non-linear Raman methods (CARS, etc.) • Electronic absorption spectroscopy • Optical rotatory dispersion and circular dichroism • Fluorescence and phosphorescence techniques • Electron spectroscopies (PES, XPS), EXAFS, etc. • Microwave spectroscopy • Electron diffraction • NMR and ESR spectroscopies • Mössbauer spectroscopy • X-ray crystallography • Charge Density Analyses • Computational Studies (supplementing experimental methods) We encourage publications combining theoretical and experimental approaches. The structural insights gained by the studies should be correlated with the properties, activity and/ or reactivity of the molecule under investigation and the relevance of this molecule and its implications should be discussed.