Leakage monitoring of carbon dioxide injection well string using distributed optical fiber sensor

Q1 Earth and Planetary Sciences
Sen Chen , Hongjuan You , Jinshan Xu , Maoan Wei , Tirun Xu , He Wang
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Whether the oil and gas fields in the Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) project use underground storage or energy supplementation to enhance oil recovery, they must be injected or monitored through the wellbore. Thus, the foundation and requirement for the safety of carbon dioxide (CO2) storage is the wellbore's integrity. When CO2 is dissolved in water, carbonic acid is created, and this acid strongly corrodes underground pipes. Therefore, the integrity issue with CO2 injection wells is more noticeable than with other wellbores. An annular pressure during gas injection is the primary symptom of gas injection string leakage in CO2 injection wells. This study aims to provide real-time pipe string monitoring using a distributed optical fiber temperature sensing system (DTS) and a distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing system (DAS). Variations in temperature and vibration are caused by annulus pressure relief or gas injection. Optical fiber logging, in contrast to traditional logging, has better performance indicators for optical fiber sensing apparatus. To adapt to complex wellbore conditions, it is necessary to enhance the temperature accuracy of DTS and the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of DAS in CO2 drive injection wells based on the features of the gas injection string. To differentiate the leakage signal from the regular fluid flow signal, the energy calculation in the frequency band is done for DAS based on noise reduction, and the signal processing in the frequency band is done by the spectrum characteristics of the CO2 wellbore signal. The translation invariant wavelet algorithm is the primary denoising method for DTS, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional wavelet threshold algorithms such as excessive smoothing and the pseudo-Gibbs phenomenon. Furthermore, the depth correction during the optical cable lowering process is also examined in this paper. A CO2 gas injection well field experiment was conducted using this technology. A 1671m well was dug, and 1631m of optical cable were installed in the tubing. The tubing leakage position was successfully identified through gas injection, annulus pressure relief, and a comparison of DAS and DTS data. The field results demonstrate the accuracy with which the gas injection string integrity can be accurately monitored in real-time using distributed optical fiber sensing technology for CO2 injection wells.
分布式光纤传感器用于二氧化碳注水井管柱泄漏监测
无论是碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS)项目中的油气田采用地下储油还是能源补充来提高采收率,都必须通过井筒进行注入或监测。因此,井筒的完整性是二氧化碳储存安全的基础和要求。当二氧化碳溶解在水中时,就会产生碳酸,这种酸会强烈地腐蚀地下管道。因此,注二氧化碳井的完整性问题比其他井更为明显。注气过程中的环空压力是注二氧化碳井注气管柱泄漏的主要症状。本研究旨在利用分布式光纤温度传感系统(DTS)和分布式光纤声传感系统(DAS)对管柱进行实时监测。温度和振动的变化是由环空压力释放或气体注入引起的。光纤测井与传统测井相比,具有更好的光纤传感仪器性能指标。为了适应复杂的井筒条件,需要根据注气管柱的特点,提高DTS的温度精度,提高DAS的灵敏度和信噪比。为了将泄漏信号与常规流体流动信号区分开来,基于降噪对DAS进行频段内的能量计算,利用CO2井筒信号的频谱特征对频段内的信号进行处理。平移不变小波算法克服了传统小波阈值算法过度平滑和伪吉布斯现象等缺点,成为DTS去噪的主要方法。此外,本文还对光缆下放过程中的深度校正进行了研究。利用该技术进行了CO2注气井场试验。挖了一个1671米的井,在油管中安装了1631米的光缆。通过注气、环空泄压以及DAS和DTS数据的比较,成功确定了油管泄漏位置。现场试验结果表明,采用分布式光纤传感技术对注二氧化碳井的注气管柱完整性进行实时准确监测具有较高的准确性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Petroleum Research
Petroleum Research Earth and Planetary Sciences-Geology
CiteScore
7.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
90
审稿时长
35 weeks
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