{"title":"Umbilical morphometry and centile curves in boys aged 1-14 years: Establishing reference values for umbilical reconstruction","authors":"Prativa Choudhury , Vikesh Agrawal , Devasenathipathy Kandasamy , Vishesh Jain , Devendra Kumar Yadav , Anjan Kumar Dhua , Shivani Phugat , Naina Mehra , Vishali Batra , Prabudh Goel","doi":"10.1016/j.bjps.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Umbilicoplasty is essential for the reconstruction of congenital malformations such as bladder-exstrophy-epispadias complex and gastroschisis. Reference values for umbilical morphometry are critical for anatomically acceptable outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To measure vertical height and width of the umbilicus in male participants aged 1–14 years and generate age-specific centile curves for umbilical reconstruction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study analyzed computed tomography data from 887 male participants aged 1–14 years; those with previous abdominal surgeries or pathologies were excluded. Umbilical dimensions were measured in the coronal and axial planes. Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape modeling generated centile curves (3rd to 97th) for umbilical dimensions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean umbilical height and width were 16.67±5.54 mm and 16.5±4.52 mm, respectively, both positively correlating with age. The 50th percentile showed annual growth rates of ∼0.93 mm (height) and ∼0.75 mm (width). In younger children, the umbilicus appeared as an oblate spheroid; width exceeded height. Dimensions equalized around 4 years of age; thereafter, the umbilicus developed vertical ellipticity, with height exceeding width during puberty.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings provide insights into umbilical morphological development during childhood and adolescence, offering valuable reference data for umbilical reconstruction in case of various malformations and post-transumbilical procedures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50084,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery","volume":"104 ","pages":"Pages 132-138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1748681525001809","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"SURGERY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Umbilicoplasty is essential for the reconstruction of congenital malformations such as bladder-exstrophy-epispadias complex and gastroschisis. Reference values for umbilical morphometry are critical for anatomically acceptable outcomes.
Objective
To measure vertical height and width of the umbilicus in male participants aged 1–14 years and generate age-specific centile curves for umbilical reconstruction.
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed computed tomography data from 887 male participants aged 1–14 years; those with previous abdominal surgeries or pathologies were excluded. Umbilical dimensions were measured in the coronal and axial planes. Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape modeling generated centile curves (3rd to 97th) for umbilical dimensions.
Results
The mean umbilical height and width were 16.67±5.54 mm and 16.5±4.52 mm, respectively, both positively correlating with age. The 50th percentile showed annual growth rates of ∼0.93 mm (height) and ∼0.75 mm (width). In younger children, the umbilicus appeared as an oblate spheroid; width exceeded height. Dimensions equalized around 4 years of age; thereafter, the umbilicus developed vertical ellipticity, with height exceeding width during puberty.
Conclusion
These findings provide insights into umbilical morphological development during childhood and adolescence, offering valuable reference data for umbilical reconstruction in case of various malformations and post-transumbilical procedures.
期刊介绍:
JPRAS An International Journal of Surgical Reconstruction is one of the world''s leading international journals, covering all the reconstructive and aesthetic aspects of plastic surgery.
The journal presents the latest surgical procedures with audit and outcome studies of new and established techniques in plastic surgery including: cleft lip and palate and other heads and neck surgery, hand surgery, lower limb trauma, burns, skin cancer, breast surgery and aesthetic surgery.