Next-Generation Immunohistochemistry in Thyroid Neoplasm: A Practical Review on the Applications in Diagnosis and Molecular Classification.

IF 11.3 2区医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

Endocrine Pathology Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI:10.1007/s12022-025-09851-6

Jonathan P Rivera, Jen-Fan Hang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

An integrative histologic and molecular classification of thyroid tumors has become clinically relevant due to the potential role in risk stratification and selection of targeted therapy. In this review, we discuss the applications of six "next-generation" immunohistochemical markers, namely BRAF V600E (clone VE1), RAS Q61R (clone SP174), pan-TRK (clone EPR 17341), ALK (clones 5A4 or D5F3), PTEN, and β-catenin in the pathologic diagnosis and molecular classification of thyroid tumors. These biomarkers allow the in situ examination of tumor tissue and assist in the diagnosis and pathologic staging by highlighting tumor border and patterns of invasion, identifying isolated tumor cells in lymph nodes, distinguishing lymph node metastasis from benign intranodal thyroid inclusions, and diagnosing multicentric thyroid carcinomas with discordant molecular drivers. Furthermore, it can identify specific thyroid neoplasms that may occur sporadically or may be associated with hereditary syndromes. The next-generation immunohistochemistry provides a novel solution to challenging issues in thyroid pathology and fast turn-around time for accurate molecular classification and further guidance of therapeutic management.

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由于甲状腺肿瘤在风险分层和靶向治疗选择中的潜在作用，甲状腺肿瘤的综合组织学和分子分类已变得与临床息息相关。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了六种 "新一代 "免疫组化标记物在甲状腺肿瘤病理诊断和分子分类中的应用，它们是BRAF V600E（克隆VE1）、RAS Q61R（克隆SP174）、pan-TRK（克隆EPR 17341）、ALK（克隆5A4或D5F3）、PTEN和β-catenin。这些生物标记物可以对肿瘤组织进行原位检查，并通过突出肿瘤边界和侵袭模式、识别淋巴结中孤立的肿瘤细胞、区分淋巴结转移和良性结节内甲状腺包涵体以及诊断分子驱动因素不一致的多中心甲状腺癌来协助诊断和病理分期。此外，它还能鉴别可能偶发或与遗传综合征相关的特定甲状腺肿瘤。新一代免疫组化技术为解决甲状腺病理学中的挑战性问题提供了新的解决方案，并能在短时间内完成准确的分子分类和进一步指导治疗管理。

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来源期刊

Endocrine Pathology 医学-病理学

CiteScore

12.30

自引率

20.50%

发文量

审稿时长

>12 weeks

期刊介绍： Endocrine Pathology publishes original articles on clinical and basic aspects of endocrine disorders. Work with animals or in vitro techniques is acceptable if it is relevant to human normal or abnormal endocrinology. Manuscripts will be considered for publication in the form of original articles, case reports, clinical case presentations, reviews, and descriptions of techniques. Submission of a paper implies that it reports unpublished work, except in abstract form, and is not being submitted simultaneously to another publication. Accepted manuscripts become the sole property of Endocrine Pathology and may not be published elsewhere without written consent from the publisher. All articles are subject to review by experienced referees. The Editors and Editorial Board judge manuscripts suitable for publication, and decisions by the Editors are final.