Impacts of fireworks on urban air quality during Spring Festivals of 2022–2024 in Shandong Province, China

IF 2.9 4区环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI:10.1007/s10661-025-13878-x

Jun Xie, Guixia Wang, Yalian Bi, Chun Ding, Jing Qiao, Lumin Wang, Changwei Wang, Xiaoguo Qiu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

This study analyzed the impact of firework discharge on urban air quality during the Spring Festivals of 2022–2024 in Shandong Province, China, with a focus on PM₂.₅ concentration variations and their sources. Based on the monitoring data of conventional pollutants (SO₂, NO₂, PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, CO, and O₃) and chemical components of PM₂.₅ across 16 cities in Shandong Province, combined with meteorological conditions, the contribution of fireworks to PM₂.₅ and its source apportionment were evaluated, using the CO ratio method and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model. The results showed that PM₂.₅ concentrations surged significantly during the Spring Festival period in 2024, peaking at 423 µg/m³, which was 11.1 times and 1.2 times higher than those in 2022 and 2023, with fireworks contributing 49% to the daily average of PM₂.₅. During the concentrated discharge periods of fireworks (FCDP) in 2024, the proportions of NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ in PM_2.5 decreased by 21.5% and 10.7%, respectively, while those of tracer components of fireworks, such as K⁺, Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, and Mg²⁺, increased by 17.2%, 7.7%, 5.9%, and 1.7%, respectively, showing the impact of fireworks. PMF source apportionment revealed that fireworks accounted for 59% of PM₂.₅ during the FCDP, rather than secondary sources (35%) and motor vehicles (21%) during the benchmark period (BP). The suggestions to the government were proposed, including strengthening policy implementation, optimizing discharge controls, and promoting public awareness of eco-friendly celebrations to reduce reliance on traditional fireworks.

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本研究分析了中国山东省 2022-2024 年春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对城市空气质量的影响，重点关注 PM₂.₅浓度变化及其来源。基于常规污染物（SO₂、NO₂、PM₂.₅、PM10、CO 和 O3）和 PM₂.₅化学组分的监测数据，研究了山东省 2022-2024 年春运期间 PM₂.₅ 浓度变化及其来源。结果表明，2024 年春节期间 PM₂.₅浓度大幅飙升，峰值达到 423 µg/m3，分别是 2022 年和 2023 年的 11.1 倍和 1.2 倍，烟花爆竹对 PM₂.₅的日均贡献率达到 49%。在2024年的烟花爆竹集中燃放期（FCDP），PM2.5中NO3-和NH4+的比例分别下降了21.5%和10.7%，而烟花爆竹的示踪成分如K+、Cl-、SO42-和Mg2+的比例分别上升了17.2%、7.7%、5.9%和1.7%，显示了烟花爆竹的影响。PMF源分配显示，在FCDP期间，烟花爆竹占PM₂.₅的59%，而不是基准期（BP）的二次来源（35%）和机动车（21%）。向政府提出的建议包括加强政策实施、优化排放控制、提高公众对环保庆祝活动的认识以减少对传统烟花爆竹的依赖。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 环境科学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.70

自引率

6.70%

发文量

1000

审稿时长

7.3 months

期刊介绍： Environmental Monitoring and Assessment emphasizes technical developments and data arising from environmental monitoring and assessment, the use of scientific principles in the design of monitoring systems at the local, regional and global scales, and the use of monitoring data in assessing the consequences of natural resource management actions and pollution risks to man and the environment.