Pointwise and Complex Quality Metrics in Atmospheric Modeling: Methods and Approaches

IF 0.4 4区 物理与天体物理 Q4 PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
V. Yu. Rezvov, M. A. Krinitskiy, M. A. Borisov
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

In atmospheric sciences, various quantitative indicators, or metrics, are used to describe the quality of modeling results of various flavors including numerical weather prediction, statistical correction, various downscaling products, etc. Metrics provide the accuracy of reproduction of the processes underlying the models and allow comparison of models by assessing the uncertainty of their results. The key importance of metrics lies in a more thorough study of the advantages and disadvantages of classical approaches and in the development of new, more complex assessment methods. This article presents a classification of the most frequently encountered quality metrics in the scientific literature. In addition to assessing traditional pointwise metrics, complex methods considering various aspects of modeling results and special metrics used in climate studies are described. Among the complex metrics, methods with an emphasis on the spatial structure and heterogeneity of the predicted variable fields and probabilistic methods for verifying ensemble forecasts are distinguished. Special attention in this paper is devoted to the growing popularity of object-oriented metrics and metrics based on rare and extreme events. Climate models are assessed by comparing the results of retrospective modeling with historical data, which complicates the choice of metrics. A variety of climate metrics focusing on specific climate processes or integrating several parameters is described. The need for developing more diverse metrics for effective evaluation of climate models is explored. All metrics considered in this article are supplemented by examples in the scientific literature and assessments of their application to atmospheric research.

在大气科学中,各种定量指标(或称度量)被用来描述各种模拟结果的质量,包括数值天气预报、统计校正、各种降尺度产品等。度量指标提供了对模型基本过程的再现精度,并通过评估结果的不确定性对模型进行比较。度量的关键在于更深入地研究经典方法的优缺点,以及开发新的、更复杂的评估方法。本文对科学文献中最常见的质量度量方法进行了分类。除了评估传统的点对点指标外,还介绍了考虑建模结果各个方面的复杂方法以及气候研究中使用的特殊指标。在复杂指标中,着重强调了预测变量场的空间结构和异质性的方法以及验证集合预报的概率方法。本文特别关注日益流行的面向对象的度量方法和基于罕见和极端事件的度量方法。气候模式是通过将回顾性建模的结果与历史数据进行比较来评估的,这就使指标的选择变得复杂。本文介绍了各种侧重于特定气候过程或综合多个参数的气候指标。文章探讨了为有效评估气候模式而制定更多样化指标的必要性。本文考虑的所有指标都有科学文献中的例子和对其在大气研究中应用的评估作为补充。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Moscow University Physics Bulletin
Moscow University Physics Bulletin PHYSICS, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
CiteScore
0.70
自引率
0.00%
发文量
129
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Moscow University Physics Bulletin publishes original papers (reviews, articles, and brief communications) in the following fields of experimental and theoretical physics: theoretical and mathematical physics; physics of nuclei and elementary particles; radiophysics, electronics, acoustics; optics and spectroscopy; laser physics; condensed matter physics; chemical physics, physical kinetics, and plasma physics; biophysics and medical physics; astronomy, astrophysics, and cosmology; physics of the Earth’s, atmosphere, and hydrosphere.
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