Factors Involved in Enamel Knot Establishment and Cap Formation.

K Steklikova, L Dalecka, J Kubovciak, C Corneloup, S Pantalacci, M Hovorakova
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Abstract

Development of dentition is a commonly studied process as a representative of the development of ectodermal derivates. A key step is the formation of a signaling center called the enamel knot (EK), which organizes tooth crown formation. In the mouse lower jaw, the anterior part of the tooth-forming region undergoes a series of complex events before the first molar primary EK can form more posteriorly and the tooth can progress through the cap stage. Although much is known about the molecular factors involved in tooth development, disentangling their specific roles is difficult. In this study, we circumvented this problem by isolating the posterior part of the tooth-forming region at embryonic day 13.5 and cultivating it in vitro. By treating them with molecules activating or inhibiting Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) pathways, we demonstrate that Shh plays the role of an inhibitor of EK formation, and we suggest that the FGF pathways may have both positive and negative roles, as seen in hair. By RNA-sequencing of the cultivated isolates after 0, 16, or 24 h in vitro, respectively, we screened for genes whose expression varies with EK and cap formation and pointed to Cdkn2b and Sema3b as 2 promising candidates in this process.

牙釉质结形成和牙帽形成的相关因素。
作为外胚层衍生物发育的代表,牙列的发育是一个普遍研究的过程。一个关键的步骤是形成一个被称为牙釉质结(EK)的信号中心,它组织牙冠的形成。在小鼠的下颌中,在第一磨牙初级EK能够更靠后地形成和牙齿能够通过帽期之前,牙齿形成区域的前部经历了一系列复杂的事件。虽然我们对参与牙齿发育的分子因素了解很多,但要弄清它们的具体作用是很困难的。在这项研究中,我们通过在胚胎13.5天分离出牙形成区域的后部并在体外培养来解决这个问题。通过用激活或抑制Sonic hedgehog (Shh)和成纤维细胞生长因子(Fgf)途径的分子处理它们,我们证明Shh发挥EK形成抑制剂的作用,并且我们认为Fgf途径可能具有积极和消极的作用,正如在头发中看到的那样。通过分别在体外培养0、16和24 h后进行rna测序,我们筛选了随着EK和帽形成而变化的基因,并指出Cdkn2b和Sema3b是这一过程中有希望的两个候选基因。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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