{"title":"Nonelectrostatic interactions as random fields in charged liquids.","authors":"Li Wan","doi":"10.1103/PhysRevE.111.025407","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We derive an equation capable of treating both electrostatic and nonelectrostatic interactions in charged liquids. The resulting equation is a complex version of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, where nonelectrostatic interactions are represented as random fields through field theory. Consequently, the nonelectrostatic interactions of ions in charged liquids can be easily simulated by generating random numbers in accordance with these random fields. To solve the equation, we employ the finite element method. The nonelectrostatic interactions incorporated into the equation are general. In this study, we take the steric effect of ions as an example. The results show that the equation can capture the steric effect clearly. The steric effect excludes ions at the boundaries and alters the ion distribution within the bulk domain. In charged liquids with screening domains intersected, the steric effect in the bulk diminishes the steric effect at the boundaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":48698,"journal":{"name":"Physical Review E","volume":"111 2-2","pages":"025407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Physical Review E","FirstCategoryId":"101","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.111.025407","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
We derive an equation capable of treating both electrostatic and nonelectrostatic interactions in charged liquids. The resulting equation is a complex version of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, where nonelectrostatic interactions are represented as random fields through field theory. Consequently, the nonelectrostatic interactions of ions in charged liquids can be easily simulated by generating random numbers in accordance with these random fields. To solve the equation, we employ the finite element method. The nonelectrostatic interactions incorporated into the equation are general. In this study, we take the steric effect of ions as an example. The results show that the equation can capture the steric effect clearly. The steric effect excludes ions at the boundaries and alters the ion distribution within the bulk domain. In charged liquids with screening domains intersected, the steric effect in the bulk diminishes the steric effect at the boundaries.
期刊介绍:
Physical Review E (PRE), broad and interdisciplinary in scope, focuses on collective phenomena of many-body systems, with statistical physics and nonlinear dynamics as the central themes of the journal. Physical Review E publishes recent developments in biological and soft matter physics including granular materials, colloids, complex fluids, liquid crystals, and polymers. The journal covers fluid dynamics and plasma physics and includes sections on computational and interdisciplinary physics, for example, complex networks.