Workplace violence experiences of intensive care unit healthcare providers: a qualitative systematic review and meta--synthesis.

Abstract

Objective: Workplace violence (WPV) in intensive care units (ICUs) is a prevalent issue that affects staff well-being and patient care. Although individual studies have explored various facets of WPV, there is a need for a comprehensive synthesis to provide a cohesive understanding of the phenomenon and inform effective interventions. This study aimed to understand its impact on the mental health and work status of ICU staff, identify the coping strategies used by ICU staff to manage WPV and explore the support required by healthcare professionals when facing WPV.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Medline, PsycINFO, and Web of Science from the date of inception until June 5, 2024. Only qualitative studies or the qualitative part of mixed methods studies were included in the analysis, with no restrictions on the type of ICU or type or source of violence. This study assessed the risk of bias in the included studies and synthesized the results according to the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (2024).

Results: Six studies were included. These studies, which were published between 2018 and 2023, were conducted in four countries and involved 91 participants. Six analytical themes and 17 subthemes emerged from the qualitative data. The themes were as follows: Prevalence of ICUs Violence, ICU healthcare perceptions of WPV, The Ripple Effect of WPV in ICU, Practical Strategies for ICU Staff Dealing with WPV, What they need when facing WPV, and Reasons for Not Reporting WPV.

Conclusions: The synthesized findings highlight the pervasive nature of WPV in ICUs and its profound impact on staff members. This review underscores the need for systematic interventions, including comprehensive training, accessible psychological support, and robust reporting mechanisms, to mitigate the effects of WPV.

Other: This study was funded by the Wu Jieping Medical Foundation(320.6750.18526),China. The review protocol was prospectively registered in the Prospective Register of PROSPERO (CRD42024559076).

Relevance to clinical practice: The research findings can provide important evidence for hospital managers and policymakers, helping them develop more effective workplace management policies to enhance the safety and well-being of ICU staff.