Autophagy in tumor immune escape and immunotherapy

IF 27.7 1区医学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Molecular Cancer Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI:10.1186/s12943-025-02277-y

Huan Wang, Peng Sun, Xijing Yuan, Zhiyong Xu, Xinyuan Jiang, Mingshu Xiao, Xin Yao, Yueli Shi

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Abstract

The immunotherapy targeting tumor immune escape mechanisms has become a critical strategy in anticancer treatment; however, the challenge of immune resistance remains significant. Autophagy, a cellular response to various stressors, involves the degradation of damaged proteins and organelles via lysosomal pathways, maintaining cellular homeostasis. This process not only supports tumor cell survival but also profoundly impacts the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. The modulation of autophagy in tumor cells or immune cells exerts dual effects on tumor immune escape and immunotherapy. However, the mechanistic details of how autophagy influences the immune system and therapy remain inadequately understood. Given this complexity, a deeper understanding of the role of autophagy in the tumor-immune landscape could reveal novel therapeutic avenues. By manipulating autophagy appropriately, it may be possible to overcome immune resistance and enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapeutic strategies. This article summarizes the role of autophagy in tumor immunity, its relationship with immunotherapy, and the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting autophagy to strengthen antitumor immune responses and optimize the outcomes of immunotherapy.

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自噬在肿瘤免疫逃逸和免疫治疗中的作用

针对肿瘤免疫逃逸机制的免疫治疗已成为抗癌治疗的关键策略；然而，免疫抵抗的挑战仍然很大。自噬是细胞对各种应激源的反应，涉及通过溶酶体途径降解受损的蛋白质和细胞器，维持细胞稳态。这一过程不仅支持肿瘤细胞存活，而且深刻影响肿瘤免疫治疗的疗效。肿瘤细胞或免疫细胞的自噬调节对肿瘤免疫逃逸和免疫治疗具有双重作用。然而，自噬如何影响免疫系统和治疗的机制细节仍未充分了解。鉴于这种复杂性，更深入地了解自噬在肿瘤免疫领域的作用可能会揭示新的治疗途径。通过适当控制自噬，有可能克服免疫抵抗，提高免疫治疗策略的有效性。本文就自噬在肿瘤免疫中的作用、与免疫治疗的关系以及靶向自噬增强抗肿瘤免疫应答和优化免疫治疗效果的潜在治疗效果进行综述。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Molecular Cancer 医学-生化与分子生物学

CiteScore

54.90

自引率

2.70%

发文量

224

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Molecular Cancer is a platform that encourages the exchange of ideas and discoveries in the field of cancer research, particularly focusing on the molecular aspects. Our goal is to facilitate discussions and provide insights into various areas of cancer and related biomedical science. We welcome articles from basic, translational, and clinical research that contribute to the advancement of understanding, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. The scope of topics covered in Molecular Cancer is diverse and inclusive. These include, but are not limited to, cell and tumor biology, angiogenesis, utilizing animal models, understanding metastasis, exploring cancer antigens and the immune response, investigating cellular signaling and molecular biology, examining epidemiology, genetic and molecular profiling of cancer, identifying molecular targets, studying cancer stem cells, exploring DNA damage and repair mechanisms, analyzing cell cycle regulation, investigating apoptosis, exploring molecular virology, and evaluating vaccine and antibody-based cancer therapies. Molecular Cancer serves as an important platform for sharing exciting discoveries in cancer-related research. It offers an unparalleled opportunity to communicate information to both specialists and the general public. The online presence of Molecular Cancer enables immediate publication of accepted articles and facilitates the presentation of large datasets and supplementary information. This ensures that new research is efficiently and rapidly disseminated to the scientific community.