Oncolytic Virus Therapy in a New Era of Immunotherapy, Enhanced by Combination with Existing Anticancer Therapies: Turn up the Heat!

IF 3.3 3区 医学 Q2 ONCOLOGY
Journal of Cancer Pub Date : 2025-02-18 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI:10.7150/jca.102285
Emily Charlotte Fretwell, Annwyne Houldsworth
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Oncolytic viral therapy is a promising treatment for cancer, where 'cold' tumour cells can become 'hot' to the host immune system. However, with few FDA approved therapies, development of new strategies for more cancer types has been slow and relatively unsuccessful in recent years, Combination therapy has been successful for other types of cancer treatment, therefore, may be a viable alternative to improve the efficacy of oncolytic viral therapy which may reduce some of the adverse events of currently used monotherapies, oncolytic virus therapy and chemotherapy being mutually complimentary with each other. Combining oncolytic viruses with immune checkpoint inhibitors provides a significant increase in efficacy when viral therapy was combined with the drug ipilimumab. Phase I and II studies concluded that combination with chemotherapies was safe and effective but did not significantly improve on current monotherapies. Recent experiments suggest that a combination of CAR-T and CAR--M cells is a promising therapeutic approach but needs to advance to clinical testing to observe the human response to the therapy. Viral combination with ipilimumab showed the highest potential for a successful treatment and clinical trials should be advanced to phase III to find conclusive supporting evidence. This review aims to identify and evaluate the potential of currently evolving oncolytic viral therapy with recent advances in genetic engineering providing enhanced oncolytic activity in the tumour, and addressing the lack of host immune responses in 'cold' tumours, with an additional role in enhancing conventional treatment efficacy with combination therapies. The potential of oncolytic viruses to 'turn up the heat' of a tumour microenvironment immunogenicity in combination with other anticancer treatments, provides a promising future for new cancer therapies.

溶瘤病毒治疗在免疫治疗的新时代,与现有的抗癌疗法联合增强:打开热!
溶瘤病毒疗法是一种很有前途的癌症治疗方法,对宿主免疫系统来说,“冷”的肿瘤细胞可以变成“热”的。然而,由于FDA批准的治疗方法很少,近年来针对更多癌症类型的新策略的开发一直缓慢且相对不成功,联合治疗在其他类型的癌症治疗中取得了成功,因此,可能是提高溶瘤病毒治疗疗效的可行替代方案,可以减少目前使用的单一治疗的一些不良事件,溶瘤病毒治疗和化疗是相互补充的。将溶瘤病毒与免疫检查点抑制剂联合使用,当病毒治疗与药物伊匹单抗联合使用时,疗效显著提高。I期和II期研究得出结论,联合化疗是安全有效的,但与目前的单药治疗相比没有显著改善。最近的实验表明,CAR- t和CAR- M细胞的结合是一种很有前途的治疗方法,但需要进行临床试验,以观察人体对这种治疗的反应。病毒联合ipilimumab显示出成功治疗的最大潜力,临床试验应推进到III期,以找到确凿的支持证据。本综述旨在识别和评估当前不断发展的溶瘤病毒治疗的潜力,以及基因工程的最新进展,这些进展可以增强肿瘤的溶瘤活性,解决“冷”肿瘤中缺乏宿主免疫反应的问题,并在提高常规联合治疗的疗效方面发挥额外的作用。溶瘤病毒与其他抗癌治疗相结合,“提高肿瘤微环境免疫原性”的潜力,为新的癌症治疗提供了一个充满希望的未来。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Cancer
Journal of Cancer ONCOLOGY-
CiteScore
8.10
自引率
2.60%
发文量
333
审稿时长
12 weeks
期刊介绍: Journal of Cancer is an open access, peer-reviewed journal with broad scope covering all areas of cancer research, especially novel concepts, new methods, new regimens, new therapeutic agents, and alternative approaches for early detection and intervention of cancer. The Journal is supported by an international editorial board consisting of a distinguished team of cancer researchers. Journal of Cancer aims at rapid publication of high quality results in cancer research while maintaining rigorous peer-review process.
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