Antidiabetic Activity of Momordica charantia Extracts Through Incretin Pathway in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic Rat Depends on Dose Differences.

Abstract

Background: This study addresses the increasing prevalence of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and the need for alternative, cost-effective medications. The research problem focuses on the need to further study the dose effectiveness of Momordica charantia Extracts (MCE) on T2DM parameters, including Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP-1), Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4), alpha glucosidase, glucosetransporter 5 (GLUT5), and pancreatic tissue histopathology.

Methods: The methodology employed an experimental research design with 30 Wistar rats divided into six groups, each receiving different inductions and doses. Parameters were measured using Elisa, and histological analysis of pancreatic tissue was conducted using HE staining.

Results: The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in each group for the GLP-1 (p=0.003). However, the DPP4 test suggested a lack of significant difference in each group (p=0.192), and the GLUT5 test showed insignificant changes between each group (p=0.119). The ANOVA analysis on alpha-glucosidase revealed no statistically significant differences among the groups (p=0.202). Additionally, a qualitative examination of the histological analysis of pancreatic tissue indicated an improvement in the condition of the pancreatic tissue.

Conclusion: MCE can increase GLP-1 levels, lower DPP-4, lower alpha-glucosidase, and raise GLUT5. However, there are no significant differences between other groups and the morphology of pancreatic tissue in rat model T2DM at a dose of 300 mg/kg.