Design, modeling and analysis of a variable camber wing based on initially curved beams

Abstract

In recent years, variable camber wings (VCWs) have gained significant attention in the aviation industry due to their potential to enhance fuel efficiency, reduce noise, and improve the lift-to-drag ratio. Despite extensive efforts to design VCWs, achieving both large deformations and high load-bearing capacities remains challenging. This paper introduces a novel methodology for designing morphing trailing edge based on initially curved beams (ICBs) and develops a comprehensive mathematical model for its analysis and design. We perform a compliance analysis of ICBs with varying geometry to propose a conceptual design for the trailing edge structure. The flexible structure is modeled using geometrically nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam theory within the Frenet framework, and its validity is confirmed through finite element analysis. The structural design is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, solved with efficient numerical methods to ensure precise deformation, load-bearing capability, and low stress levels. An optimized prototype of the morphing trailing edge has been manufactured and experimentally tested, demonstrating a camber range of ±25 °, with theoretical analysis and experimental results showing high consistency.