{"title":"FC-Trans: Deep learning methods for network intrusion detection in big data environments","authors":"Yuedi Zhu , Yong Wang , Lin Zhou , Yuan Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.cose.2025.104392","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the continuous expansion of Internet traffic, effectively preventing network intrusions in such a vast data environment has become increasingly challenging. Existing intrusion detection systems (IDS) for different network attacks often struggle to identify unknown attacks or respond to them in real-time. In this article, we propose a novel hybrid deep learning model, FC-Trans, designed to enhance network intrusion monitoring. Our approach involves optimizing feature representation using the Feature Tokenizer method, leveraging CNNs to extract meaningful features from the data, and incorporating Transformer’s self-attentive mechanism and residual structure to capture long-term feature dependencies and mitigate gradient vanishing. To address the issue of imbalanced sample distribution, we utilize MultiF Loss as the training loss function for the multi-classification task, enabling the model to prioritize difficult-to-classify samples. We compare the performance of our method with other approaches on the UNSW-NB15 dataset, and the experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both binary and multivariate classification tasks. The results verify the effectiveness of our proposed method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":51004,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Security","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 104392"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Computers & Security","FirstCategoryId":"94","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167404825000811","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
With the continuous expansion of Internet traffic, effectively preventing network intrusions in such a vast data environment has become increasingly challenging. Existing intrusion detection systems (IDS) for different network attacks often struggle to identify unknown attacks or respond to them in real-time. In this article, we propose a novel hybrid deep learning model, FC-Trans, designed to enhance network intrusion monitoring. Our approach involves optimizing feature representation using the Feature Tokenizer method, leveraging CNNs to extract meaningful features from the data, and incorporating Transformer’s self-attentive mechanism and residual structure to capture long-term feature dependencies and mitigate gradient vanishing. To address the issue of imbalanced sample distribution, we utilize MultiF Loss as the training loss function for the multi-classification task, enabling the model to prioritize difficult-to-classify samples. We compare the performance of our method with other approaches on the UNSW-NB15 dataset, and the experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both binary and multivariate classification tasks. The results verify the effectiveness of our proposed method.
期刊介绍:
Computers & Security is the most respected technical journal in the IT security field. With its high-profile editorial board and informative regular features and columns, the journal is essential reading for IT security professionals around the world.
Computers & Security provides you with a unique blend of leading edge research and sound practical management advice. It is aimed at the professional involved with computer security, audit, control and data integrity in all sectors - industry, commerce and academia. Recognized worldwide as THE primary source of reference for applied research and technical expertise it is your first step to fully secure systems.