Survival and Clinical Outcomes After Single-vessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using Drug-eluting Stent: An Observational and Follow-up Study in a Tertiary Care Center in the Gangetic Plains of North India.

Abstract

Introduction: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-eluting stents (DES) has transformed the management of coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly for single-vessel disease (SVD), by reducing restenosis rates. However, long-term survival data following PCI in North Indian populations are limited. This study aimed to evaluate survival and clinical outcomes after PCI with DES and identify factors associated with mortality and adverse events, such as chest pain, dyspnea, and bleeding.

Materials and methods: This observational cohort study at Sir Sunder Lal Hospital, Banaras Hindu University, included 1,112 adult patients undergoing single-vessel PCI with DES. Patients were followed for 18 months via outpatient assessments and telephonic interviews to assess survival, chest pain, dyspnea, and bleeding. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Version 25.0). Continuous variables were reported as mean ± SD, and categorical data as frequencies and percentages. Chi-square and independent t-tests were used, with a 5% significance level.

Results: Of the 782 patients who were successfully followed up after 18 months, 740 (94.62%) were alive, and 42 (5.38%) had died. Significant factors associated with mortality included older age (p = 0.013), history of hospitalization (p < 0.001), chest pain (p < 0.001), dyspnea (p < 0.001), and bleeding (p < 0.001). Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was the leading cause of death (52.3%), followed by post-PCI complications.

Conclusion: PCI with DES demonstrated a high survival rate in North Indian patients with SVD. Key predictors of mortality were age, history of hospitalization, and post-PCI symptoms, emphasizing the need for long-term follow-up and aggressive management of symptoms to improve outcomes.