Sulfated zirconia supported on nickel with TBHP for the selective oxidation of veratryl alcohol to veratraldehyde

IF 2.4 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Polyhedron Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI:10.1016/j.poly.2025.117489

P. Tamizhdurai , V.L. Mangesh , C. Kavitha , G. Shoba , S. Padmanabhan , Ganesan Subbiah , Amel Gacem , Neeraj Kumar Shukla , Sultan Alshehery , Ghadah Shukri Albakri , Maha A. Alreshidi , Krishna Kumar Yadav

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Abstract

Verataldehyde has been used as a precursor for different kinds of industry-related products, including odorants, flavourings, and medicines. The foremost objective of this endeavour is to oxidize veratryl alcohol (VA) into veratraldehyde (VAld). All the reactions were carried out in a continuous-process reactor. A metallic catalyst with the Ni/SO₄/ZrO₂ ratios were formed using the wet impregnation technique. These metals were added to the synthesized zirconium oxychloride, or ZrO₂, which has a high mesoporous character. Characterization of the catalysts was done with HR-TEM, BET, FT-IR, TGA, and XRD. Through catalyst optimization, the continuous flow reactor parameters (pressure, temperature, reaction time, and WHSV⁻¹) have been adjusted to maximize VA conversion and selectivity. The following were the ideal conditions for the catalytic reaction of Ni/SO₄/ZrO₂: 90 °C, 10 bar of pressure, 3.2 g of catalyst, and 4 mL tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) solvent. As a result, the reaction exhibited 100 % selectivity and a higher conversion rate. Even after five reaction runs, the catalyst maintained a 99 % yield, demonstrating both its stability and reusability. The conversion of VA to VAld can be commercially exploited through continuous reaction studies. Additionally, waste products were used to synthesise catalytic support, and the metal components are considerably cheaper than noble metals.

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用三必和必拓负载镍的硫酸氧化锆选择性氧化戊曲醇生成戊曲醛

维拉多醛已被用作各种工业相关产品的前体，包括气味剂、调味剂和药品。这项工作的首要目标是将戊曲醇（VA）氧化成戊曲醛（VAld）。所有的反应都在连续过程反应器中进行。采用湿浸渍法制备了具有Ni/SO4/ZrO2配比的金属催化剂。将这些金属加入到合成的具有高介孔特性的氧化锆（ZrO2）中。采用hrtem、BET、FT-IR、TGA和XRD对催化剂进行了表征。通过催化剂优化，调整了连续流反应器参数（压力、温度、反应时间和WHSV - 1），使VA转化率和选择性最大化。Ni/SO4/ZrO2催化反应的理想条件为：90℃，10 bar压力，3.2 g催化剂，4ml过氧化叔丁基（TBHP）溶剂。结果表明，该反应具有100%的选择性和较高的转化率。即使经过五次反应，该催化剂仍保持99%的产率，证明了其稳定性和可重复使用性。通过持续的反应研究，VA转化为VAld可以进行商业开发。此外，废物被用来合成催化载体，金属成分比贵金属便宜得多。

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来源期刊

Polyhedron 化学-晶体学

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

7.70%

发文量

515

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Polyhedron publishes original, fundamental, experimental and theoretical work of the highest quality in all the major areas of inorganic chemistry. This includes synthetic chemistry, coordination chemistry, organometallic chemistry, bioinorganic chemistry, and solid-state and materials chemistry. Papers should be significant pieces of work, and all new compounds must be appropriately characterized. The inclusion of single-crystal X-ray structural data is strongly encouraged, but papers reporting only the X-ray structure determination of a single compound will usually not be considered. Papers on solid-state or materials chemistry will be expected to have a significant molecular chemistry component (such as the synthesis and characterization of the molecular precursors and/or a systematic study of the use of different precursors or reaction conditions) or demonstrate a cutting-edge application (for example inorganic materials for energy applications). Papers dealing only with stability constants are not considered.