Geographic disparities and emerging hotspot trends of long COVID in the United States

IF 2.3 4区医学 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

American Journal of the Medical Sciences Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI:10.1016/j.amjms.2025.03.005

Anand Gourishankar M.B.B.S., MRCP, MAS

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives

To study the emerging hotspot pattern of Long COVID (LC) in the U.S. population and investigate the correlation between Long COVID and state health system performance.

Methods

Using 2022 to 2024 Center for Disease Control and Prevention adult LC data, I applied the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic with the Mann-Kendall trend test to determine emerging temporal trends associated with local clustering patterns across the contiguous states. A Pearson's correlation tested LC rates and state health system performance.

Results

A spatiotemporal trend map described discrete patterns. In 2023, Long COVID rates were highest in Southeastern states such as Mississippi and West Virginia, but by 2024, mixed patterns were observed in some states. The LC rates showed an inverse relationship with state health outcome scores (r = -0.69, P < 0.001). Emerging hotspot analysis identified Mississippi as a persistent hotspot for Long COVID. Northeastern states showed consistently persistent cold spots.

Conclusions

The states with better health outcomes showed a lower frequency of long COVID. The geographically emerging hot spots can guide focused intervention and resource allocation for these patients.

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美国长COVID的地域差异和新兴热点趋势。

目的：研究美国人群中出现的长冠状病毒（LC）热点模式，探讨长冠状病毒与州卫生系统绩效的相关性。方法：使用2022年至2024年疾病控制和预防中心的成人LC数据，我应用Getis-Ord Gi*统计和Mann-Kendall趋势检验来确定与相邻州的局部聚类模式相关的新兴时间趋势。皮尔逊相关性测试了LC率和州卫生系统绩效。结果：一个时空趋势图描述了离散的模式。2023年，密西西比州和西弗吉尼亚州等东南部州的长冠肺炎发病率最高，但到2024年，一些州出现了混合模式。LC率与状态健康结局评分呈负相关（r = -0.69,P < 0.001）。新兴热点分析将密西西比州确定为长期COVID的持续热点。东北部各州持续出现寒区。结论：健康状况较好的州发生长冠肺炎的频率较低。地理上出现的热点可以指导对这些患者的集中干预和资源分配。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

American Journal of the Medical Sciences 医学-医学：内科

CiteScore

4.40

自引率

0.00%

发文量

303

审稿时长

1.5 months

期刊介绍： The American Journal of The Medical Sciences (AJMS), founded in 1820, is the 2nd oldest medical journal in the United States. The AJMS is the official journal of the Southern Society for Clinical Investigation (SSCI). The SSCI is dedicated to the advancement of medical research and the exchange of knowledge, information and ideas. Its members are committed to mentoring future generations of medical investigators and promoting careers in academic medicine. The AJMS publishes, on a monthly basis, peer-reviewed articles in the field of internal medicine and its subspecialties, which include: Original clinical and basic science investigations Review articles Online Images in the Medical Sciences Special Features Include: Patient-Centered Focused Reviews History of Medicine The Science of Medical Education.