Meta-analysis of the Impact of Kangaroo Care on Physical Growth and Neurobehavioral Development in Premature Infants.

Abstract

Background: Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is recognized as an effective intervention for promoting growth and neurodevelopment in preterm infants, particularly in resource-limited settings. It addresses critical neonatal care needs by facilitating skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding.

Purpose: This meta-analysis evaluates the impact of KMC on growth parameters and neurobehavioral development in preterm infants, while considering evidence quality.

Data sources: Six databases were searched for studies published in English, covering studies up to the year 2024. Additionally, citation tracking was used to identify relevant studies.

Study selection: Out of 953 studies initially identified, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed for the meta-analysis.

Data extraction: Data were abstracted and assessed for quality and validity using standardized guidelines, applied independently by multiple observers.

Results: KMC significantly improved the weight, head circumference, and body length of preterm infants. Gestational age was found to influence outcomes: with increasing gestational age, head circumference growth slowed, while body length showed more rapid gains. KMC also demonstrated positive effects on neurodevelopmental and brain growth indicators.

Implications for practice and research: Clinically, nurses can support parents in initiating and maintaining kangaroo care, helping to enhance parental involvement during the NICU stay. While its benefits for health and neurodevelopment are well-established, further research is needed to explore its application at home. Higher-quality evidence is required to validate these findings and support broader clinical adoption in various healthcare settings.