Pharmacological and Herbal Approach to Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Management: A Comparative Analysis of Conventional Therapy and Alternative Remedy.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder that affects the metabolism of protein, fats, and carbohydrates due to the destruction of beta-cells resulting disruptions in insulin action/insulin secretion. According to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) prevalence of 90% people with diabetes has type 2 diabetes is driven by socio-economic, demographic, environmental, and genetic factors. DM type 2 sparks myriad of debilitating disease needs management to cure it. Management needs multifactorial authentication including diet, lifestyle and pharmaco-therapy. Literature reveals, metformin is the first line of medication used to cure diabetes Mellitus type 2, also associated with contraindications and adverse effects which spark the interest in alternative herbal remedies. This review will compare pharmacological therapy (Metformin) with alternative herbal remedies (Moringa oleifera) in the management of diabetes mellitus type 2 including in mechanism, dosing relationship consequential effect. According to various guidelines and recommendations, Moringa oleifera is herbal remedy to exhibit anti-diabetic properties by enhancing insulin sensitivity and glucose regulation, reducing oxidation stress and inhibiting free radicals. Significant outcomes suggest that moringa leaf extract is a valuable adjoining therapy with safety high profiling with fewer or no side effects as compared to metformin. There is a need for alternative approaches to diabetes management due to side effects of pharmacological therapies. This review paper will also demonstrate the potential of alternative remedy (Moringa oleifera) in the management of DM type 2 and to what extent its dosing is related to efficacy and safety as compared to the pharmacological approach (Metformin).