[Osseointegration in amputation surgery : Representative studies].

Abstract

Osseointegration is an innovative procedure to improve the mobility and quality of life of amputees by connecting exoprostheses to the bone as a replacement for the conventional socket prosthesis. This article highlights two main approaches: the osseointegrated prosthesis for the rehabilitation of amputees (OPRA) system, which uses a thread-based implant and the integral leg prosthesis (ILP) and osseointegrated prosthetic limb (OPL) systems, which rely on the press-fit method. While osseointegration offers benefits such as better prosthesis fixation and fewer skin problems, there are also challenges, particularly the increased risk of infections. Research and studies have shown that the procedure can substantially improve the quality of life of amputees when used correctly. The systems OPRA, ILP and OPL are analyzed with respect to the effectiveness and complications, noting that complication rates decrease with increasing experience and improved design. Overall, osseointegration represents a promising alternative for amputees who experience discomfort and cannot cope with traditional socket prostheses.