Sinoatrial node rod cells transplantation into the injured spinal cord as a novel therapeutic approach to improve proper information transmission

Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that disrupts neural circuits, leading to severe motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. Despite extensive research, no effective treatment has been established to restore proper information transmission across the injury site. Current therapeutic strategies, including cell therapy and electrical stimulation, have shown promise but remain limited in their ability to fully re-establish functional connectivity. This study proposes a novel therapeutic approach for SCI by implanting sinoatrial node (SAN) rod cells into the injured spinal cord to facilitate electrical signal transmission and restore neural communication. Given their intrinsic ability to conduct electrical impulses in the heart, we hypothesize that SAN rod cells can serve as bioelectrical bridges, reconnecting the severed. We discuss the pathophysiology of SCI, barriers to axonal regeneration, and existing treatment modalities, highlighting the limitations of current interventions. We propose a transplantation strategy involving SAN rod cells and evaluate their potential for integration into the spinal cord. The hypothesis is supported by the role of gap junctions, particularly connexins, in neuronal electrical coupling, which may enable functional interaction between rod cells and spinal neurons. Furthermore, we outline experimental approaches, including in vivo spinal cord transection models and potential methods for generating SAN rod cells from induced pluripotent stem cells. Rod cells, known for their ability to conduct electrical signals without generating action potentials, could theoretically facilitate neural communication across SCI lesions. Their integration into spinal networks via gap junctions may re-establish lost connectivity, potentially improving motor and sensory function.