Experiences of Healthcare Professionals Working in Injectable Opioid Agonist Treatment Programs: A Qualitative Thematic Analysis.

Abstract

Background: Injectable opioid agonist treatment (iOAT) programs are increasing as a method of harm reduction for opioid use disorder. Although there have been numerous studies of client experience in iOAT programs, there have been few studies on the experiences on healthcare professionals working in these programs.

Aim: In this study, we aimed to understand the experiences and perspectives of healthcare professionals in iOAT programs. This study is among the first to explore the experiences of healthcare professionals in an operational iOAT program, with the aim of making workforce recommendations to enhance the sustainability of iOAT programs.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis using a thematic analysis approach with qualitative interview transcripts.

Results: Sixteen participants were interviewed, and we analyzed the transcripts, identifying three major themes: healthcare professionals' experiences in the iOAT program, approaches to work, and navigating practice issues. Working in iOAT was rewarding for participants because of the changes the program created in clients' lives. Participants reported that building trusting relationships with iOAT clients was key to the client's success. Healthcare professionals' approaches to their work varied, where they adopted either client-centered care or rules-based approaches. Healthcare professionals' experiences were shaped by program structure, the need to adapt their work, and building relationships with other healthcare services. Managing limited resources was a challenge for participants.

Conclusion: Supportive work environments can foster relationships between healthcare professionals and clients, for success in iOAT programs. Healthcare professionals require adequate support and staffing to provide high-quality care.