{"title":"Revealing mysteries in gamma-ray bursts: the role of gluon condensation","authors":"Wei Zhu, Xu-Rong Chen, Yu-Chen Tang","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13933-4","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We use a newly recognized gluon distribution in the nucleon, which was predicted by a QCD evolution equation to consistently explain several intriguing phenomena associated with gamma-ray bursts. They are the GeV–TeV spectra of GRB 221009A, the remarkably symmetrical explosion cloud in kilonova AT2017gfo, and the absence of a very high-energy gamma-ray signature in GRB 170817A. We find that these occurrences can be attributed to the gluon condensation within nucleons, i.e., a significant number of soft gluons within nucleons are condensed at a critical momentum, resulting in the emergence of a steep and high peak in the gluon distributions. Through this profound connection between microscopic and macroscopic phenomena, we have not only expanded the applications of the hadronic scenario in cosmic gamma-ray emissions but also presented new evidence for the existence of gluon condensation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13933-4.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"The European Physical Journal C","FirstCategoryId":"4","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-13933-4","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PHYSICS, PARTICLES & FIELDS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
We use a newly recognized gluon distribution in the nucleon, which was predicted by a QCD evolution equation to consistently explain several intriguing phenomena associated with gamma-ray bursts. They are the GeV–TeV spectra of GRB 221009A, the remarkably symmetrical explosion cloud in kilonova AT2017gfo, and the absence of a very high-energy gamma-ray signature in GRB 170817A. We find that these occurrences can be attributed to the gluon condensation within nucleons, i.e., a significant number of soft gluons within nucleons are condensed at a critical momentum, resulting in the emergence of a steep and high peak in the gluon distributions. Through this profound connection between microscopic and macroscopic phenomena, we have not only expanded the applications of the hadronic scenario in cosmic gamma-ray emissions but also presented new evidence for the existence of gluon condensation.
期刊介绍：
Experimental Physics I: Accelerator Based High-Energy Physics
Hadron and lepton collider physics
Lepton-nucleon scattering
High-energy nuclear reactions
Standard model precision tests
Search for new physics beyond the standard model
Heavy flavour physics
Neutrino properties
Particle detector developments
Computational methods and analysis tools
Experimental Physics II: Astroparticle Physics
Dark matter searches
High-energy cosmic rays
Double beta decay
Long baseline neutrino experiments
Neutrino astronomy
Axions and other weakly interacting light particles
Gravitational waves and observational cosmology
Particle detector developments
Computational methods and analysis tools
Theoretical Physics I: Phenomenology of the Standard Model and Beyond
Electroweak interactions
Quantum chromo dynamics
Heavy quark physics and quark flavour mixing
Neutrino physics
Phenomenology of astro- and cosmoparticle physics
Meson spectroscopy and non-perturbative QCD
Low-energy effective field theories
Lattice field theory
High temperature QCD and heavy ion physics
Phenomenology of supersymmetric extensions of the SM
Phenomenology of non-supersymmetric extensions of the SM
Model building and alternative models of electroweak symmetry breaking
Flavour physics beyond the SM
Computational algorithms and tools...etc.
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