Potential use of ZnO anchored boron industrial waste microparticles as a novel eco-friendly activator in cis-polybutadiene /natural rubber composites

IF 3.4 3区化学 Q2 CHEMISTRY, INORGANIC & NUCLEAR

Solid State Sciences Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI:10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2025.107884

Deniz Akin Sahbaz , Erol Goksu

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Boron industrial waste (BIW) is a commercially valuable raw material in many industries. The evaluation of BIW is of increasing importance because of the rapid and growing consumption of raw material resources in the world. In this study, the BIW was modified by ZnO and then the ZnO anchored boron industrial waste (ZnO_BIW) was used as an activator in the vulcanization of cis-polybutadiene/natural rubber (cis-PB/NR/ZnO_BIW) composites to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released into nature in the rubber industry, as well as decrease the vulcanization time, resulting in energy saving. The composites were prepared using different loads of ZnO_BIW (1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 phr), whose optimum proportions of commercial ZnO are used in the rubber industry. BIW, ZnO_BIW and cis-PB/NR/ZnO_BIW composites were characterized by SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD. The effect of the ZnO_BIW incorporation amount on the rheological, structural, and physico-mechanical properties of the cis-PB/NR/ZnO_BIW composites was assessed and the properties of the rubber composites were compared with each other. According to the results, 5 phr of ZnO_BIW has been given significantly better performance in tensile strength (15.97 N/mm²), elongation at break (742.47 %), optimum cure time (12.26 min), and cure rate index (12.47 min⁻¹) in comparison with the other phr ratios. It was found that the new activator could be used as a curing activator and simultaneously reinforcing filler. The utilization of ZnO_BIW as an activator to produce rubber products can greatly promote rubber technology to be cost-effective and has ecological potentials.

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ZnO固载硼工业废料微颗粒作为新型环保活化剂在顺式聚丁二烯/天然橡胶复合材料中的潜在应用

硼工业废渣是一种具有商业价值的工业原料。随着世界原材料资源消耗的快速增长，对白车身的评价日益重要。本研究采用ZnO对白橡胶进行改性，然后将ZnO锚定的硼工业废渣（ZnO_BIW）作为活化剂用于顺式聚丁二烯/天然橡胶（顺式pb /NR/ZnO_BIW）复合材料的硫化，减少橡胶工业向自然释放的二氧化碳量，缩短硫化时间，从而达到节能的目的。采用不同负载的ZnO_BIW（1、3、5、7和10 phr）制备复合材料，其最佳配比用于橡胶工业。采用SEM、EDX、FTIR和XRD对BIW、ZnO_BIW和顺式pb /NR/ZnO_BIW复合材料进行了表征。考察了ZnO_BIW掺量对顺式pb /NR/ZnO_BIW复合材料流变学、结构和物理力学性能的影响，并对其性能进行了比较。结果表明，ZnO_BIW在抗拉强度（15.97 N/mm2）、断裂伸长率（742.47%）、最佳固化时间（12.26 min）和固化剂指数（12.47 min−1）等方面均优于其他phr配比。结果表明，该活化剂既可作为固化活化剂，又可作为补强填料。利用氧化锆biw作为活化剂生产橡胶制品，可以极大地促进橡胶技术的经济高效和生态潜力。

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来源期刊

Solid State Sciences 化学-无机化学与核化学

CiteScore

6.60

自引率

2.90%

发文量

214

审稿时长

27 days

期刊介绍： Solid State Sciences is the journal for researchers from the broad solid state chemistry and physics community. It publishes key articles on all aspects of solid state synthesis, structure-property relationships, theory and functionalities, in relation with experiments. Key topics for stand-alone papers and special issues: -Novel ways of synthesis, inorganic functional materials, including porous and glassy materials, hybrid organic-inorganic compounds and nanomaterials -Physical properties, emphasizing but not limited to the electrical, magnetical and optical features -Materials related to information technology and energy and environmental sciences. The journal publishes feature articles from experts in the field upon invitation. Solid State Sciences - your gateway to energy-related materials.