Admissible parameters for the Crossbred algorithm and semi-regular sequences over finite fields

Abstract

Multivariate public key cryptography (MPKC) is one of the most promising alternatives to build quantum-resistant signature schemes, as evidenced in NIST’s call for additional post-quantum signature schemes. The main assumption in MPKC is the hardness of the Multivariate Quadratic (MQ) problem, which seeks for a common root to a system of quadratic polynomials over a finite field. Although the Crossbred algorithm is among the most efficient algorithms to solve MQ over small fields, its complexity analysis stands on shaky ground. In particular, it is not clear for what parameters it works and under what assumptions. In this work, we provide a rigorous analysis of the Crossbred algorithm over any finite field. We provide a complete explanation of the series of admissible parameters proposed in previous literature and explicitly state the regularity assumptions required for its validity. Moreover, we show that the series does not tell the whole story, hence we propose an additional condition for Crossbred to work. Additionally, we define and characterize a notion of regularity for systems over a small field, which is one of the main building blocks in the series of admissible parameters.