Spatio–temporal analysis of traffic crash hotspots- an application of GIS-based technique in road safety

Abstract

Haridwar is an expanding urban centre in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. For an emerging urban centre like Haridwar, road traffic accident (RTA) studies are crucial to address increasing traffic challenges, identify accident-prone areas, and implement targeted safety measures. This research investigates the spatio–temporal patterns of RTA blackspots in the Haridwar district of India, considering both the presence and absence of a Crash Severity Index (CSI). The study uses Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) to identify blackspots, and the comap approach to examine spatio–temporal patterns across different times of day and seasons. The methodology involves collecting and preprocessing crash data from 2016 to 2019, applying the comap technique, incorporating the severity index (SI), using KDE, and finally, investigating the blackspots. The study found that the inclusion of CSI significantly impacts the ranking of blackspots, with high severity crashes often occurring during the summer season and between 12.00 h—17:59 h, and 0:00 h—5:59 h. The research aims to provide a more nuanced approach to identifying hazardous locations by weighting crashes based on their severity and to explore how these locations change over time and across different seasons. The findings of this research indicate that blackspots are not consistent across time or seasons, with specific locations showing higher concentrations of severe crashes during certain periods. The study identified key blackspots such as the Deoband Y-intersection and Jhabrera T-intersection along NH-334, and a curve section along NH-34. These locations are characterized by heterogeneous traffic, illegal crossings, narrow roads, and inadequate infrastructure. The research suggests implementing measures such as pedestrian walkways, road widening, improved signage, and better lighting to mitigate these issues. This study is the first spatio–temporal investigation of RTA blackspots in India and can help highway authorities in Haridwar and other cities to implement targeted safety measures.