Side effects of microdosing lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin: A systematic review of potential physiological and psychiatric outcomes

IF 4.6 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Neuropharmacology Pub Date : 2025-03-07 DOI:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2025.110402

Stefan Modzelewski , Anna Stankiewicz , Napoleon Waszkiewicz , Kacper Łukasiewicz

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objective

Psychedelics are gaining renewed attention, especially through the practice of microdosing, where low doses are taken regularly. Microdosing lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin is used by both healthy individuals and those with mental health conditions to improve daily functioning, reduce anxiety, and enhance mood and cognition. However, there is limited information about the side effects of this practice. This review aimed to collect and characterize the side effects of psychedelic microdosing.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of original papers from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus (accessed August 03, 2024) that reported side effects of microdosing LSD and psilocybin. Non-English papers, non-original studies, studies without typical microdosing doses, or those lacking descriptions of side effects were excluded. Our methodology has been developed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Because side effects were assessed heterogeneously in these papers, we did not perform a bias evaluation.

Results

We included 31 studies, 15 of which we classified as laboratory studies with higher quality evidence, and 14 studies with lower quality evidence, as well as 2 clinical cases. Side effects were typically dose-dependent, mild, and short-lived. Common adverse effects included increased blood pressure, anxiety, and cognitive impairment.

Discussion

This review is limited by the heterogeneity in reporting side effects and the short duration of many studies. Future studies should transparently and systematically present a description of side effects.

查看原文本刊更多论文

麦角酰二乙胺和迷幻药的副作用：对潜在生理和精神结果的系统回顾。

目的：致幻剂正在重新引起人们的注意，特别是通过微剂量的做法，即定期服用低剂量。微剂量麦角酸二乙胺（LSD）和裸盖菇素被健康个体和有精神健康状况的人使用，以改善日常功能，减少焦虑，增强情绪和认知。然而，关于这种做法的副作用的信息有限。本综述旨在收集和描述致幻剂微剂量的副作用。方法：我们对PubMed、Web of Science和Scopus（访问时间：03.08.2024）中报道微剂量LSD和裸盖菇素副作用的原始论文进行了系统综述。非英文论文、非原创研究、没有典型微剂量的研究或缺乏副作用描述的研究被排除在外。我们的方法是根据PRISMA指南开发的。由于这些论文对副作用的评估存在差异，因此我们没有进行偏倚评估。结果：我们纳入了31项研究，其中15项为高质量证据的实验室研究，14项为低质量证据的研究，以及2例临床病例。副作用通常是剂量依赖性的、轻微的、短暂的。常见的不良反应包括血压升高、焦虑和认知障碍。讨论：本综述受到报道副作用的异质性和许多研究持续时间短的限制。未来的研究应该透明和系统地描述副作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Neuropharmacology 医学-神经科学

CiteScore

10.00

自引率

4.30%

发文量

288

审稿时长

45 days

期刊介绍： Neuropharmacology publishes high quality, original research and review articles within the discipline of neuroscience, especially articles with a neuropharmacological component. However, papers within any area of neuroscience will be considered. The journal does not usually accept clinical research, although preclinical neuropharmacological studies in humans may be considered. The journal only considers submissions in which the chemical structures and compositions of experimental agents are readily available in the literature or disclosed by the authors in the submitted manuscript. Only in exceptional circumstances will natural products be considered, and then only if the preparation is well defined by scientific means. Neuropharmacology publishes articles of any length (original research and reviews).