Human health risk assessment of lead exposure from soil ingestion in a French pilot study: insights from the application of a new bioaccessibility approach.

IF 3.2 3区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL
Madeleine Billmann, Aurélie Pelfrêne, Arnaud Papin, Benjamin Pauget, Rabia Badreddine, Corinne Hulot
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Abstract

Despite the consensus on the importance of considering the bioavailability of metal(loid)s by measuring their bioaccessibility when assessing exposure, integrating these parameters into risk calculations often involves proprietary approaches that lack adequate justification. This is the case with the in vitro unified bioaccessibility method (UBM), which is widely used in Europe to assess the bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s in the event of soil ingestion. This study proposes a comprehensive operational approach that incorporates bioaccessibility to refine human exposure and risk assessments. A pilot study of 45 Pb-contaminated soil samples collected in and around Paris highlighted the importance of carefully following soil preparation protocols. Specifically, sieving the soil to 250 µm without mechanical milling is recommended for determining both bioaccessible and total concentrations. A simplified test using dilute hydrochloric acid can predict the bioaccessibility of metal(loid)s in first-tier screening. This affordable, single-extraction method is easy to use in analytical laboratories and is both fast and reproducible. For second-tier validation studies, the UBM protocol should be applied to a limited number of samples. With the new approach, the relative bioavailability can be directly calculated using an in vivo/in vitro equation in the stomach compartment, thus, enabling UBM validation. The results of the pilot study demonstrated that to refine exposure assessments, adjusting chronic daily intake using relative bioavailability data was more effective than were classical approaches based on total concentrations. This method offers a promising perspective for stakeholders in managing polluted sites and soils.

在一项法国试点研究中对土壤摄入铅暴露的人类健康风险评估:从应用新的生物可及性方法获得的见解。
尽管在评估暴露时通过测量其生物可及性来考虑金属(类)生物利用度的重要性已达成共识,但将这些参数整合到风险计算中往往涉及缺乏充分理由的专有方法。这就是体外统一生物可及性方法(UBM)的情况,该方法在欧洲被广泛用于评估金属(样物质)在土壤摄入情况下的生物可及性。本研究提出了一种综合操作方法,结合生物可及性来改进人类暴露和风险评估。对巴黎及其周边地区收集的45个铅污染土壤样本进行的一项试点研究强调了认真遵循土壤制备方案的重要性。具体来说,建议将土壤筛至250µm,不进行机械研磨,以确定生物可达性和总浓度。在一线筛选中,用稀盐酸简化试验可预测金属(样物质)的生物可及性。这种经济实惠的单次提取方法易于在分析实验室中使用,并且既快速又可重复。对于二级验证研究,UBM方案应应用于有限数量的样本。利用这种新方法,相对生物利用度可以通过胃腔室的体内/体外方程直接计算,从而实现UBM验证。试点研究的结果表明,为了完善暴露评估,使用相对生物利用度数据调整慢性每日摄入量比基于总浓度的经典方法更有效。这种方法为管理受污染场地和土壤的利益相关者提供了一个有希望的前景。
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来源期刊
Environmental Geochemistry and Health
Environmental Geochemistry and Health 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
8.00
自引率
4.80%
发文量
279
审稿时长
4.2 months
期刊介绍: Environmental Geochemistry and Health publishes original research papers and review papers across the broad field of environmental geochemistry. Environmental geochemistry and health establishes and explains links between the natural or disturbed chemical composition of the earth’s surface and the health of plants, animals and people. Beneficial elements regulate or promote enzymatic and hormonal activity whereas other elements may be toxic. Bedrock geochemistry controls the composition of soil and hence that of water and vegetation. Environmental issues, such as pollution, arising from the extraction and use of mineral resources, are discussed. The effects of contaminants introduced into the earth’s geochemical systems are examined. Geochemical surveys of soil, water and plants show how major and trace elements are distributed geographically. Associated epidemiological studies reveal the possibility of causal links between the natural or disturbed geochemical environment and disease. Experimental research illuminates the nature or consequences of natural or disturbed geochemical processes. The journal particularly welcomes novel research linking environmental geochemistry and health issues on such topics as: heavy metals (including mercury), persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and mixed chemicals emitted through human activities, such as uncontrolled recycling of electronic-waste; waste recycling; surface-atmospheric interaction processes (natural and anthropogenic emissions, vertical transport, deposition, and physical-chemical interaction) of gases and aerosols; phytoremediation/restoration of contaminated sites; food contamination and safety; environmental effects of medicines; effects and toxicity of mixed pollutants; speciation of heavy metals/metalloids; effects of mining; disturbed geochemistry from human behavior, natural or man-made hazards; particle and nanoparticle toxicology; risk and the vulnerability of populations, etc.
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