Robust ADRC-controlled bidirectional converters in fast DC BEV charging systems supporting G2V, V2G, and V2H operations

Abstract

The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is accelerating, offering a transformative pathway to sustainable mobility and grid integration. The essential component to this transformation is Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) and Vehicle-to-Home (V2H) technologies, which allow EVs to function as dispersed energy resources in addition to receiving electricity from the grid. Yet, achieving seamless and stable operation in both V2G and V2H modes presents intricate control challenges. This research article investigates the development of robust control strategies for EV chargers that can effectively operate in V2G and V2H modes while incorporating grid-forming concepts. The cornerstone of these strategies is Active Disturbance Rejection Control (ADRC), renowned for its ability to manage uncertainties and disturbances. ADRC serves as a critical solution for addressing the dynamic nature of V2G and V2H operations. Additionally, this article explores grid-forming concepts, particularly droop control, which plays a key role in V2H mode by enabling EV chargers to act as grid-forming sources. According to the case studies and simulations outcomes, this article demonstrates the effectiveness of ADRC-based control strategies, for both V2H and V2G operation modes. Finally, the Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) experiment is executed to validate the implementation feasibility of the V2G/V2H ADRC control strategy. Consequently, based on the extensive analysis and resulting insights, it becomes evident that the suggested methodology and its control mechanisms hold significant potential for widespread implementation in integrated Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) chargers.