Optimal day-ahead scheduling and reconfiguration of active distribution systems considering energy hubs, residential demand response aggregators, and electric vehicle parking lot aggregators

Abstract

This paper presents the optimal day-ahead scheduling and reconfiguration of an active distribution system considering energy hubs, residential demand response aggregators, and electric vehicle parking lot aggregators. The main contribution of this paper is that it introduces a three-level framework for scheduling and reconfiguring active distribution systems and modeling the competition among residential demand response aggregators in the day-ahead horizon.This framework examines the flexible integrated demand response program for smart residential consumers and multi-carrier energy hubs. The study evaluates the impacts of power exchange by consumers on the profits and costs of stakeholders while minimizing operational costs, maximizing power exchange profits, and ensuring residential comfort levels. Additionally, optimal scheduling and reconfiguration of the active distribution system have been proposed. In the first level, the optimization process focuses on the residential demand response aggregators and electric vehicle parking lots, incorporating Cournot-based competition among residential aggregators and prioritizing carbon emissions reduction and fuel savings. In the second level, self-scheduling of multi-carrier energy hubs is performed to determine profits and costs. In the third level, the proposed procedure considers the contribution of lower-level agents that can be utilized for scheduling and reconfiguring the active distribution system. The effectiveness of the model was assessed using a modified IEEE 123 bus system. The simultaneous implementation of the proposed demand response program and optimal reconfiguration reduced operational costs by 5.28%. Furthermore, competition among residential demand response aggregators and the implementation of the proposed demand response program increased profits by $75.49 and $61.03, respectively.