HPST-GT: Full-Link Delivery Time Estimation Via Heterogeneous Periodic Spatial-Temporal Graph Transformer

Abstract

A warehouse-distribution integration (WDI) e-commerce platform is an approach that combines warehousing and distribution processes, which is increasingly adopted in industry to enhance business efficiency. In the WDI e-commerce, one of the most important problems is to estimate the full-link delivery time for decision-making. Traditional methods designed for separate warehouse-distribution models struggle to address challenges in integrated systems. The difficulties stem from two main factors: (i) the contextual influence exerted by neighboring units within heterogeneous delivery networks, and (ii) the uncertainty in delivery times caused by dynamic and periodic temporal factors such as fluctuations in online sales volumes and the varying characteristics of different delivery units (e.g., warehouses and sorting centers). To address these challenges, we propose a novel full-link delivery time estimation framework called Heterogeneous Periodic Spatial-Temporal Graph Transformer (HPST-GT). First, we develop heterogeneous graph transformers to capture the hierarchical and diverse information of the warehouse-distribution network. Next, we design spatial-temporal transformers based on heterogeneous features to analyze the correlation between spatial and temporal information. Finally, we create a heterogeneous spatial-temporal graph prediction module to estimate full-link delivery time. Our method, evaluated on a one-month dataset from a leading e-commerce platform, surpasses current benchmarks across multiple performance metrics.