Adaptation and validation of the Grandparental Involvement Inventory-Chinese version (GII-C) in migrant families.

Abstract

Grandparental involvement is a multidimensional framework of the roles grandparents play in a child's life. However, culture-sensitive measurement of grandparental involvement, particularly in middle childhood, is underdeveloped. This study adapts and validates a self-report measure of grandparental involvement for children in Chinese migrant families. A total of 879 children completed the adapted 19-item Grandparental Involvement Inventory-Chinese version (GII-C), while their grandparents reported related information such as acceptance and rejection of the child. Our item analysis and exploratory factor analysis suggested a shortened, 16-item scale with three factors: Company and Shared Activities, Mentorship and Instrumental Assistance, and Intimacy and Closeness. This factor structure showed a good fit in confirmatory factor analysis. The GII-C showed adequate reliability and convergent validity. Grandparental involvement showed positive correlations with grandparental acceptance of the child and grandparent-grandchild attachment, as well as a negative correlation with grandparental rejection. Subgroup and regression analyses further indicated the GII-C's known-group validity and predictive ability of child mental health outcomes. Grandparental involvement was positively associated with child resilience and psychological well-being while negatively associated with child depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness. Our findings suggest the GII-C as a valid tool to measure Chinese grandparents' multifaceted roles beyond childcare. Future research should replicate the GII-C in multigenerational families across cultural contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).