Navigating the Future: Factors Influencing Adolescents' Career Expectation Uncertainty in a Dynamic World

Abstract

In an era of rapid economic, technological, and social change, young people face increased challenges in making informed career decisions. This study, grounded in Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) and Career Construction Theory (CCT), examines the personal and environmental factors influencing career expectation uncertainty among 15-year-olds across 78 educational systems. Results of multilevel logistic models revealed that approximately 20% of adolescents, particularly young men and those in advanced economies, experienced more uncertainty about their career expectations. Notably, the search for meaning in life appeared crucial in forming clearer career goals, especially among young women in affluent countries. Additionally, self-efficacy and parental support enhanced clarity in young men's career choices, while teacher support was crucial for adolescents’ career decision-making in developing economies. These insights underscore the need for targeted support tailored to diverse socioeconomic contexts to promote clearer career trajectories for adolescents globally.