Comparing factors influencing wellbeing in young adults with aphasia and young adults with developmental language disorder

IF 1.5 3区医学 Q2 AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY

International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders Pub Date : 2025-03-06 DOI:10.1111/1460-6984.70020

Vasiliki Kladouchou, Nicola Botting, Katerina Hilari

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Understanding factors influencing wellbeing is crucial for the development of effective services. Aphasia in older individuals and developmental language disorder (DLD) in children significantly affect how people live and function. Despite the increasing stroke incidence in young adults and the growing recognition of DLD as a lifelong disorder, the literature lacks evidence on the wellbeing of young adults, aged between 18 and 40 years old, with these conditions.

Aims

To identify factors influencing wellbeing in young adults with aphasia and DLD.

Methods & Procedures

This cross-sectional between-group study involved 78 young adults with aphasia, DLD and no language impairments, with mean (SD) age of 30.5 (6.38) years. A total of 12 measures were used to assess wellbeing, language, cognition, health, emotional distress, social functioning and psychological resources. Feasibility and acceptability were informed by a pilot-study. One-way-unrelated analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare groups on language, cognition and wellbeing, while correlation analyses identified factors influencing wellbeing in each group.

Outcomes & Results

No significant differences were found between clinical groups in language and cognitive profiles, with both scoring lower than those with no language impairments. The wellbeing of individuals with aphasia and DLD was similar to that of adults with no language impairments. Health, emotional distress and social support were common drivers of wellbeing among all groups, with positive performance in those scales indicating better wellbeing. Language and self-esteem showed significant links with wellbeing for those with DLD, but not for the aphasia group. The higher the self-esteem level of people with DLD, the higher their wellbeing rating. Interestingly, language was negatively related to wellbeing in people with DLD, with higher language scores correlating with lower levels of wellbeing.

Conclusions & Implications

Aphasia and DLD share factors affecting wellbeing, but the different origins of the disorders seem to influence the overall nature of wellbeing. Wellbeing in DLD is primarily impacted by the language disorder, whereas in aphasia it is influenced by its secondary to the disorder characteristics and primarily emotional health. This study highlights the need for holistic therapy and ongoing psychosocial support to optimize services for young adults with these impairments.

WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS

What is already known on the subject

Aphasia and DLD significantly impact social and emotional aspects of life. However, knowledge about wellbeing in young adults with these disorders remains limited.

What this paper adds to the existing knowledge

This research is the first to compare wellbeing in aphasia and DLD. It highlights the impact of several psychosocial factors and clinical characteristics including language on wellbeing, considering whether individuals developed language disorders during childhood or acquired them later in adult life. While there is a small amount of evidence on wellbeing in young adults with DLD, this is the first study to investigate wellbeing in young adults with aphasia.

What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?

The type of language disorder may influence wellbeing in diverse ways. Speech and language therapists must evaluate the impact of these disorders on young adults’ wellbeing. Rehabilitation should consider both personal factors and external support systems, following appropriate care models. Our findings suggest that aphasia interventions might benefit from focusing on enhancing emotional wellbeing and social networks, particularly in young adults. For individuals with DLD, it appears that the emphasis should be on improving communication skills by addressing functional constraints in social interactions and considering their psychological resources. Further research is needed to confirm these potential intervention strategies. An interdisciplinary approach is essential for optimal outcomes.

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影响青年失语症患者和青年发展性语言障碍患者幸福感的因素比较

了解影响幸福感的因素对于开发有效的服务至关重要。老年人失语症和儿童发育性语言障碍（DLD）显著影响人们的生活和功能。尽管年轻人中风的发病率越来越高，并且越来越多的人认识到DLD是一种终身疾病，但文献中缺乏关于18至40岁的年轻人患有这些疾病的健康证据。目的探讨影响青年失语和DLD患者幸福感的因素。方法,本横断面组间研究纳入78名患有失语症、DLD和无语言障碍的年轻成人，平均（SD）年龄为30.5（6.38）岁。共有12项指标用于评估幸福感、语言、认知、健康、情绪困扰、社会功能和心理资源。可行性和可接受性是由一项试点研究得出的。采用单向不相关方差分析（ANOVA）和Kruskal-Wallis检验比较各组在语言、认知和幸福感方面的差异，并通过相关分析确定影响各组幸福感的因素。结果,结果两组患者在语言和认知方面均无显著差异，得分均低于无语言障碍组。失语症和DLD患者的健康状况与没有语言障碍的成年人相似。健康、情绪困扰和社会支持是所有群体幸福感的共同驱动因素，在这些量表上的积极表现表明幸福感更好。语言和自尊与DLD患者的幸福感有显著联系，而失语症患者则没有。DLD患者的自尊水平越高，他们的幸福指数就越高。有趣的是，语言与DLD患者的幸福感呈负相关，语言得分越高，幸福感越低。结论,失语症和DLD有共同的影响幸福感的因素，但这两种疾病的不同起源似乎影响了幸福感的整体性质。DLD患者的幸福感主要受语言障碍的影响，而失语症患者的幸福感主要受其继发性障碍特征和情绪健康的影响。这项研究强调了整体治疗和持续的社会心理支持的必要性，以优化对这些障碍的年轻人的服务。这项研究补充了关于失语症和DLD对生活的社会和情感方面有重大影响的已知内容。然而，对患有这些疾病的年轻人的健康状况的了解仍然有限。这项研究首次比较了失语症和DLD患者的健康状况。它强调了几个社会心理因素和包括语言在内的临床特征对健康的影响，考虑到个体是在童年时期发展语言障碍还是在成年后获得语言障碍。虽然有少量证据表明患有DLD的年轻人的健康状况，但这是第一个调查患有失语症的年轻人的健康状况的研究。这项工作的潜在或实际临床意义是什么？语言障碍的类型可能会以多种方式影响幸福感。言语和语言治疗师必须评估这些障碍对年轻人健康的影响。康复应考虑个人因素和外部支持系统，遵循适当的护理模式。我们的研究结果表明，专注于增强情绪健康和社交网络，尤其是对年轻人来说，失语干预可能会受益。对于患有DLD的个体，似乎重点应该放在通过解决社会互动中的功能限制和考虑他们的心理资源来提高沟通技巧上。需要进一步的研究来证实这些潜在的干预策略。跨学科的方法对于获得最佳结果至关重要。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders AUDIOLOGY & SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY-REHABILITATION

CiteScore

3.30

自引率

12.50%

发文量

116

审稿时长

6-12 weeks

期刊介绍： The International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders (IJLCD) is the official journal of the Royal College of Speech & Language Therapists. The Journal welcomes submissions on all aspects of speech, language, communication disorders and speech and language therapy. It provides a forum for the exchange of information and discussion of issues of clinical or theoretical relevance in the above areas.