Recovery of lithium and cobalt from used lithium-ion cell phone batteries through a pyro-hydrometallurgical hybrid extraction process and chemical precipitation

IF 2.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Sharjeel Ahmed, Noor Haleem, Yousuf Jamal, Sher Jamal Khan, Xufei Yang
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Abstract

Used lithium-ion batteries rich in valuable metals such as lithium and cobalt are usually disposed of in landfills, causing potential landfill fires and pollution of soil and waterways. A hybrid pyro-hydrometallurgical process was developed with citric acid as a leaching agent and hydrogen peroxide as a reductant to recover lithium and cobalt ions from the used cell phone batteries. Results revealed that 90.60 ± 3.43% of cobalt and 93.46 ± 4.05% of lithium were leached out, under an optimized condition of 1 M of citric acid, 3 vol% of hydrogen peroxide, 20 g L−1 solid-to-liquid ratio, 80 °C leaching temperature, and 2-h leaching time. The effects of temperature, citric acid, and hydrogen peroxide concentration on leaching efficiency were investigated. Compared to similar processes in the literature, the hybrid process required relatively low reaction temperatures and organic acid concentrations. The leached cobalt and lithium ions were then converted into cobalt oxalate and lithium carbonate using oxalic acid and sodium carbonate, with recovery efficiency of 95.02 ± 3.1% and 91.5 ± 2.7% and sample purity of 99.16 ± 0.4% and 98.77 ± 0.7% achieved, respectively. This research is expected to improve the recycling of lithium-ion batteries and the like.

Abstract Image

利用热湿冶金混合萃取和化学沉淀法从废旧锂离子手机电池中回收锂和钴
富含锂和钴等贵重金属的废旧锂离子电池通常被丢弃在垃圾填埋场,造成潜在的垃圾填埋场火灾,并污染土壤和水道。以柠檬酸为浸出剂,过氧化氢为还原剂,研究了从废旧手机电池中回收锂离子和钴离子的混合热湿法冶金工艺。结果表明:在柠檬酸用量为1 M、双氧水用量为3 vol%、料液比为20 g L−1、浸出温度为80℃、浸出时间为2 h的条件下,钴的浸出率为90.60±3.43%,锂的浸出率为93.46±4.05%。考察了温度、柠檬酸、过氧化氢浓度对浸出效率的影响。与文献中类似的工艺相比,混合工艺所需的反应温度和有机酸浓度相对较低。用草酸和碳酸钠将浸出的钴离子和锂离子分别转化为草酸钴和碳酸锂,回收率分别为95.02±3.1%和91.5±2.7%,样品纯度分别为99.16±0.4%和98.77±0.7%。这项研究有望改善锂离子电池等的回收利用。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
16.10%
发文量
205
审稿时长
4.8 months
期刊介绍: The Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management has a twofold focus: research in technical, political, and environmental problems of material cycles and waste management; and information that contributes to the development of an interdisciplinary science of material cycles and waste management. Its aim is to develop solutions and prescriptions for material cycles. The journal publishes original articles, reviews, and invited papers from a wide range of disciplines related to material cycles and waste management. The journal is published in cooperation with the Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management (JSMCWM) and the Korea Society of Waste Management (KSWM).
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