Treat to Sedation: Managing Intravenous Placement for Electroconvulsive Therapy in Autism with Intellectual Disability and Hyperactive Catatonia.

Abstract

Purpose: Catatonia is a severe psychomotor and mood-related disorder, which can significantly impact the quality of life for autistic individuals. Often, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is required for treatment of catatonia in autism. However, hyperactive, impulsive, and aggressive symptoms are common in this subpopulation. Thus, pharmacologic agents are needed to assist in obtaining intravenous (IV) access and placement of necessary monitoring leads when ECT is pursued. Here we report six patients with autism and hyperactive catatonia who successfully and safely received intramuscular (IM) ketamine to obtain IV access for ECT while prescribed high-dose benzodiazepines for catatonia. Methods: Using SlicerDicer software found within Epic Systems electronic medical record, we conducted a single-site retrospective analysis. All patients had a diagnosis of autism, were treated for hyperactive catatonia with ECT, and required the use of ketamine for safe IV placement. Diagnoses of autism and catatonia were confirmed per the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Results: Six patients were identified. All patients met criteria for autism, intellectual disability, and catatonia. The patient's ages ranged from 10 to 30 years, and all were prescribed high doses of benzodiazepines for treatment of catatonia, with a mean dose of 24 mg per day in lorazepam equivalents. The patients' symptoms of hyperactive catatonia impaired the ability to obtain IV access. Thus, IM ketamine was received by all patients to facilitate this process. All patients were able to receive ECT. Conclusion: In all cases, IM ketamine was successfully used to obtain IV access and allow patients to receive ECT uneventfully. No serious adverse events were reported despite the coadministration of ketamine with high-dose benzodiazepines in this patient subpopulation.