Recreation impact on the early establishment of dune-building grasses Elytrigia juncea and Ammophila arenaria on the beach.

IF 1.7 4区 环境科学与生态学 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Journal of Coastal Conservation Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-24 DOI:10.1007/s11852-025-01101-5
S J van Rosmalen, J-M Homberger, M J P M Riksen, J Limpens
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Abstract

Sandy shores serve multiple ecosystem services, including recreation. To what extent these services can coexist is unclear, especially given increasing stressors such as rising sea levels and urbanization. We investigated the effect of recreational pressure on the establishment of two dune building grass species representative for European beaches (Ammophila arenaria and Elytrigia juncea). We conducted a field introduction experiment with seeds and rhizomes (diaspores) of both species along an anthropogenic pressure gradient on the upper beach of the Dutch barrier Island of Terschelling. Across two beach sites 300 plots were set out following a randomised block design with 4 factorial treatments (species*diaspore). Local plant material was collected. Plots were left unmarked to enable undisturbed recreation. Establishment success was monitored by counting the number of emerged shoots per plot at regular intervals across the growing season of 2022. To control for environmental drivers, we included the environmental variables: soil moisture, bed level change, and distance to the sea. We found that establishment success increased significantly with longshore distance from the beach entrance, irrespective of species or diaspore type. This effect was especially strong within the first 100 m, where plants did emerge from seeds or rhizomes but progressively died over the summer. Establishment success was further constrained by changes to the beach bed level and distance to the sea. Our results indicate that recreational pressure can constrain dune development on the upper beach. This implies trade-offs between beach functions, that should be considered when designing sandy coastal areas.

游憩活动对滩头造沙草黄翅草和沙袋草早期建立的影响。
沙滩提供多种生态系统服务,包括娱乐。目前还不清楚这些服务能在多大程度上共存,特别是考虑到海平面上升和城市化等日益增加的压力。研究了休闲压力对两种具有代表性的欧洲海滩造沙草(Ammophila arenaria)和Elytrigia juncea)形成的影响。在荷兰Terschelling堰洲岛上沿人为压力梯度对两种植物的种子和根茎进行了野外引种试验。在两个海滩上设置了300个地块,采用随机分组设计,采用4个因子处理(物种*一水硬铝石)。收集了当地的植物材料。为了不受干扰地娱乐,地块没有标记。通过在2022年整个生长季节定期计算每个地块的出芽数量来监测建立成功。为了控制环境驱动因素,我们纳入了环境变量:土壤湿度、床面变化和到海的距离。我们发现,无论物种或一水硬石类型如何,建立成功率随海岸距离的增加而显著增加。这种影响在最初的100米内尤其强烈,在那里植物确实从种子或根茎中生长出来,但在夏季逐渐死亡。建立成功进一步受到海滩床的高度和离海距离的变化的限制。研究结果表明,游憩压力对沙丘发育具有一定的制约作用。这意味着海滩功能之间的权衡,在设计沙质海岸地区时应该考虑到这一点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Journal of Coastal Conservation
Journal of Coastal Conservation ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES-MARINE & FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
CiteScore
3.60
自引率
4.80%
发文量
55
期刊介绍: The Journal of Coastal Conservation is a scientific journal for the dissemination of both theoretical and applied research on integrated and sustainable management of the terrestrial, coastal and marine environmental interface. A thorough understanding of both the physical and the human sciences is important to the study of the spatial patterns and processes observed in terrestrial, coastal and marine systems set in the context of past, present and future social and economic developments. This includes multidisciplinary and integrated knowledge and understanding of: physical geography, coastal geomorphology, sediment dynamics, hydrodynamics, soil science, hydrology, plant and animal ecology, vegetation science, biogeography, landscape ecology, recreation and tourism studies, urban and human ecology, coastal engineering and spatial planning, coastal zone management, and marine resource management.
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