Ultrasound Beyond Joints: A Review of Extra-Articular Applications in Rheumatology.

IF 5.7 2区 医学 Q1 RHEUMATOLOGY
Emilio D'Ignazio, Davide Corradini, Tomas Cazenave, Riccardo Bixio, Caterina Baldi, Harjit Kaur Ubhi, Kate Smith, Richard J Wakefield, Paul Emery, Andrea Di Matteo
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Abstract

Purpose of review: This review highlights key ultrasound applications for evaluating extra-articular involvement in rheumatic diseases, including the lungs, vessels, salivary glands, muscles, nerves, skin, and nails. It explores recent advances, emerging areas of assessment, and future research directions. Additionally, the review examines current limitations in the routine use of ultrasound for these purposes and considers the potential of new technologies, such as shear-wave elastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and artificial intelligence, to enhance the early detection and monitoring of extra-articular manifestations in rheumatic diseases.

Recent findings: Extra-articular manifestations in patients with rheumatic diseases are crucial for diagnosis, management (including treatment strategies), and prognosis, making accurate assessment essential. Growing evidence supports the role of ultrasound in assessing these manifestations for diagnosis, monitoring, and gaining insights into disease pathogenesis. Recent studies emphasize the significant utility of ultrasound in evaluating extra-articular involvement across various organ systems, including the lungs, vessels, salivary glands, muscles, nerves, skin, and nails. Technological advances, such as shear-wave elastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and artificial intelligence, are expanding the scope and precision of ultrasound applications. Despite its potential, challenges such as operator dependency, lack of standardized protocols, and the need for specialized training hinder its widespread adoption. Ultrasound is a non-invasive, cost-effective, and radiation-free imaging modality with high diagnostic accuracy, making it a valuable tool for assessing extra-articular manifestations in rheumatic diseases. Emerging technologies may further enhance its clinical utility. However, efforts to standardize techniques and improve accessibility are necessary to optimize its integration into routine practice.

关节以外的超声:关节外在风湿病学中的应用综述。
综述目的:本综述重点介绍了在风湿病中评估关节外病变的关键超声应用,包括肺、血管、唾液腺、肌肉、神经、皮肤和指甲。它探讨了最近的进展,新兴的评估领域和未来的研究方向。此外,本综述探讨了目前常规超声用于这些目的的局限性,并考虑了新技术的潜力,如剪切波弹性成像、对比增强超声和人工智能,以加强对风湿性疾病关节外表现的早期检测和监测。最近发现:风湿病患者的关节外表现对诊断、管理(包括治疗策略)和预后至关重要,因此准确的评估至关重要。越来越多的证据支持超声在评估这些表现、诊断、监测和了解疾病发病机制方面的作用。最近的研究强调超声在评估各种器官系统的关节外受累方面的重要作用,包括肺、血管、唾液腺、肌肉、神经、皮肤和指甲。技术进步,如剪切波弹性成像、对比增强超声和人工智能,正在扩大超声应用的范围和精度。尽管它具有潜力,但操作员依赖性、缺乏标准化协议以及需要专业培训等挑战阻碍了它的广泛采用。超声是一种无创、低成本、无辐射的成像方式,具有很高的诊断准确性,使其成为评估风湿性疾病关节外表现的宝贵工具。新兴技术可能进一步增强其临床应用价值。然而,标准化技术和提高可及性的努力是优化其融入日常实践的必要条件。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.20
自引率
0.00%
发文量
41
期刊介绍: This journal aims to review the most important, recently published research in the field of rheumatology. By providing clear, insightful, balanced contributions by international experts, the journal intends to serve all those involved in the care and prevention of rheumatologic conditions. We accomplish this aim by appointing international authorities to serve as Section Editors in key subject areas such as the many forms of arthritis, osteoporosis and metabolic bone disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Section Editors, in turn, select topics for which leading experts contribute comprehensive review articles that emphasize new developments and recently published papers of major importance, highlighted by annotated reference lists. An international Editorial Board reviews the annual table of contents, suggests articles of special interest to their country/region, and ensures that topics are current and include emerging research. Commentaries from well-known figures in the field are also occasionally provided.
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